Kemikari ruzivo tsananguro uye mutsauko wefiber, cellulose uye cellulose ether

Fiber:

Fiber, muchirevo chemakemikari uye sainzi yemidziyo, inoreva kirasi yezvinhu zvinoratidzwa nekureba, seshinda-sechimiro. Zvishandiso izvi zvinoumbwa nemapolymers, ari mamorekuru makuru akaumbwa neanodzokorora mayuniti anonzi monomers. Mafibhi anogona kuve echisikigo kana ekugadzira, uye anowana kushandiswa kwakapararira mumaindasitiri akasiyana anosanganisira machira, macomposites, uye biomedicine.

Faibha dzemusikirwo dzinobva muzvirimwa, mhuka, kana zvicherwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira donje, makushe, sirika, uye asbestos. Synthetic fibers, kune rumwe rutivi, inogadzirwa kubva kumakemikari zvinhu kuburikidza nemaitiro akaita sepolymerization. Nylon, polyester, uye acrylic mienzaniso yakajairika yemafibhi ekugadzira.

Munzvimbo yekemikari, izwi rekuti "fiber" rinowanzoreva kuumbwa kwechinhu chacho kwete kuumbwa kwemakemikari. MaFibers anoratidzirwa nehupamhi hwawo hwechiyero, zvichireva kuti akareba kupfuura iwo akafara. Ichi chakareba chimiro chinopa zvimiro zvakaita sesimba, kuchinjika, uye kusimba kune izvo zvinhu, zvichiita kuti mafiber ave akakosha mukushandisa kwakasiyana-siyana kubva pakupfeka kusvika pakusimbisa mune zvinoumbwa zvinhu.

Cellulose:

Celluloseis polysaccharide, inova rudzi rwecarbohydrate inoumbwa nemacheni marefu emamorekuru eshuga. Ndiyo yakanyanya kuwanda organic polymer Panyika uye inoshanda sechikamu chechimiro mumasero madziro ezvirimwa. Kemikari, cellulose ine inodzokorora mayunitsi eglucose akabatanidzwa pamwechete ne β-1,4-glycosidic bond.

Chimiro che cellulose chine fibrous zvakanyanya, nemamorekuru ega cellulose anozvibatanidza mumamicrofibrils ayo anowedzera kuungana kuti aumbe zvimiro zvakakura senge fiber. Aya mafibhi anopa tsigiro yezvimiro kumasero ekudyara, achivapa kuomarara uye kusimba. Pamusoro pebasa rayo muzvirimwa, cellulose zvakare chikamu chikuru chekudya fiber inowanikwa mumichero, miriwo, uye zviyo. Vanhu vanoshaya ma enzymes anodiwa kupaza cellulose, saka inopfuura nemudumbu rekudya zvakanyanya, ichibatsira mukugaya uye kukurudzira hutano hwematumbo.

Cellulose ine akawanda maindasitiri ekushandisa nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo, kuvandudzwa, uye zvinodikanwa zvivakwa zvakaita se biodegradability, biocompatibility, uye simba. Inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira mapepa, machira, zvekuvaka, uye biofuel.

Cellulose Ether:

Cellulose ethersiboka remakemikari emakemikari anobva muselulosi kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kemikari. Aya magadzirirwo anosanganisira kuunzwa kwemapoka anoshanda, akadai sehydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, kana carboxymethyl, kumusana we cellulose. Iwo anozobuda cellulose ethers anochengeta humwe hwehunhu hwe cellulose apo achiratidza zvivakwa zvitsva zvinopihwa neakawedzera anoshanda mapoka.

Imwe yemisiyano yakakosha pakati peselulosi uye cellulose ether iri mukunyungudika kwavo. Nepo cellulose isinganyungudike mumvura uye yakawanda organic solvents, cellulose ethers inowanzonyungudika nemvura kana kuratidza kunyungudika kuri kuita muorganic solvents. Kunyungudika uku kunoita kuti cellulose ethers ishande zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa mumaindasitiri akadai semishonga, chikafu, zvizorwa, uye kuvaka.

Mienzaniso yakajairika ye cellulose ethers inosanganisira methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), uye carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Mishonga iyi inoshandiswa semakobvu, mabhainda, zvigadzikiso, uye magadzirirwo emufirimu mumhando dzakasiyana siyana. Semuenzaniso, CMC inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvechikafu seyakakora mumiriri uye emulsifier, nepo HPC ichishandiswa mukugadzira mishonga yekudzora kuburitswa kwezvinodhaka.

fiber inoreva zvinhu zvine hurefu, seshinda-sechimiro, cellulose ipolymer yechisikigo inowanikwa muchirimwa sero madziro, uye cellulose ethers akagadziridzwa makemikari anobva ku cellulose ane akasiyana maindasitiri ekushandisa. Nepo cellulose ichipa chimiro chezvirimwa uye inoshanda sesosi yefayibha yekudya, cellulose ether inopa kunyungudika kunyungudika uye kuwana kushandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana nekuda kwehunhu hwawo hwakasiyana.