Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (inozivikanwawo se: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC, Carboxymethyl, Cellulose Sodium, Sodium munyu weCaboxy Methyl Cellulose) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye yakawanda inoshandiswa munyika nhasi marudzi e cellulose.
CMC-Na kwenguva pfupi, ndeye cellulose yakabva kune glucose polymerization degree ye100-2000, uye imwe hama molecular mass ye242.16. White fibrous kana granular powder. Haina hwema, isingaravike, isinganakidze, hygroscopic, isinganyungudika muorganic solvents.
Basic properties
1. Molecular chimiro che sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Yakatanga kubudiswa neGermany muna 1918, uye yakanga ine patent muna 1921 uye yakaonekwa munyika. Kugadzirwa kwekutengeserana kwave kuwanikwa muEurope. Panguva iyoyo, chaingova chigadzirwa chisina kuchena, chaishandiswa se colloid uye binder. Kubva 1936 kusvika 1941, tsvakiridzo yekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri ye sodium carboxymethyl cellulose yaive inoshanda, uye akati wandei anokurudzira patent akagadzirwa. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, Germany yakashandisa sodium carboxymethylcellulose mukugadzira detergents. Hercules akagadzira sodium carboxymethylcellulose kekutanga muUnited States muna 1943, uye akagadzira yakanatswa sodium carboxymethylcellulose muna 1946, iyo yakaonekwa seyakachengetedzeka yekuwedzera chikafu. nyika yangu yakatanga kuitora muma1970, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muma1990. Ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye yakakura huwandu hweselulosi munyika nhasi.
Chimiro chemaitiro: C6H7O2 (OH) 2OCH2COONA Molecular formula: C8H11O7Na
Ichi chigadzirwa ndiyo sodium munyu we cellulose carboxymethyl ether, an anionic fiber
2. Kuonekwa kwe sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Ichi chigadzirwa munyu wesodium we cellulose carboxymethyl ether, annionic cellulose ether, chena kana mukaka chena fibrous poda kana granule, density 0.5-0.7 g/cm3, inenge isinganhuhwi, isinganakidze, hygroscopic. Zviri nyore kupararira mumvura kuita inoonekera colloidal mhinduro, uye isinganyunguriki mune organic zvinonyungudutsa senge ethanol [1]. Iyo pH ye1% aqueous solution ndeye 6.5-8.5, kana pH> 10 kana <5, viscosity yemuchubhu inodzikira zvakanyanya, uye kuita ndiko kwakanyanya kana pH = 7. Yakagadzikana pakupisa, viscosity inokwira nekukurumidza pasi pe20 ° C, uye inoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma pa45 ° C. Kupisa kwenguva refu pamusoro pe80 ° C kunogona kukanganisa colloid uye kuderedza zvakanyanya viscosity uye kushanda. Inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura, uye mhinduro yacho iri pachena; yakanyanya kugadzikana mualkaline mhinduro, asi inonyorerwa nyore nyore hydrolyzed kana ikasangana neasidhi, uye inonaya kana iyo pH kukosha iri 2-3, uye ichaitawo ne polyvalent metal salts.
Chinangwa chikuru
Inoshandiswa seyakakora muindasitiri yezvekudya, semutakuri wezvinodhaka muindasitiri yemishonga, uye seanosunga uye anopokana-redeposition mumiriri wemazuva ese emakemikari indasitiri. Muindasitiri yekudhinda uye yekudhaya, inoshandiswa seyekudzivirira colloid ye saizi maajenti uye kudhinda mapeji. Muindasitiri ye petrochemical, inogona kushandiswa sechikamu chemafuta ekudzoreredza fracturing fluid. [2]
Kusapindirana
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose haienderane neakasimba acid solution, soluble iron salts, nedzimwe simbi dzakaita sealuminium, mercury, uye zinc. Kana pH iri pasi pe2, uye kana yakasanganiswa ne95% ethanol, kunaya kuchaitika.
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose inogona kuumba co-agglomerates negelatin uye pectin, uye inogonawo kuumba macomplexes ane collagen, ayo anogona kufambisa mamwe mapuroteni akachajiwa.
craft
CMC inowanzova anionic polima komboni inogadzirwa nekuita serusisiro yechisikigo ine caustic alkali uye monochloroacetic acid, ine huremu hwe6400 (± 1 000). Iyo mikuru yezvigadzirwa ndeye sodium chloride uye sodium glycolate. CMC ndeye yakasikwa cellulose shanduko. Sangano reFood and Agriculture Organisation reUnited Nations (FAO) neWorld Health Organisation (WHO) vakaridaidza zviri pamutemo kuti "modified cellulose".
Iwo makuru anoratidza kuyera kunaka kweCMC idhigirii rekutsiva (DS) uye kuchena. Kazhinji, zvinhu zveCMC zvakasiyana kana DS yakasiyana; iyo yakakwirira dhigirii yekutsiva, iyo yakasimba kunyungudika, uye zviri nani kuve pachena uye kugadzikana kwemhinduro. Sekureva kwemishumo, kujeka kweCMC kuri nani kana dhigirii rekutsiva iri 0.7-1.2, uye viscosity yemushonga wayo wemvura ndiyo yakakura kana iyo pH kukosha iri 6-9. Kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando yayo, kunze kwesarudzo ye etherification agent, zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa dhigirii rekutsiva uye kuchena zvinofanirwa kutariswa, sehukama pakati pehuwandu hwealkali uye etherification agent, etherification nguva, mvura yemukati. iyo system, tembiricha, pH kukosha, mhinduro Concentration uye munyu nezvimwe.
status quo
Kuti tigadzirise kushomeka kwezvinhu zvinogadzirwa (donje rakanatswa rakagadzirwa nedonje), mumakore achangopfuura, mamwe masainzi ekutsvagisa kwesainzi munyika yangu akabatana nemabhizinesi kushandisa zvizere sadza remupunga, donje repasi (donje remarara), uye madhiri ebhinzi. kugadzira CMC zvinobudirira. Mutengo wekugadzira wakadzikiswa zvakanyanya, izvo zvinovhura sosi nyowani yezvigadzirwa zveCMC kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye inoona kushandiswa kwakazara kwezviwanikwa. Kune rimwe divi, mutengo wekugadzira wakaderedzwa, uye kune rimwe divi, CMC iri kusimukira yakanangana nepamusoro. Tsvagiridzo nekusimudzira kweCMC inonyanya kutarisana neshanduko yehunyanzvi hwekugadzira huripo uye kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira, pamwe nezvigadzirwa zvitsva zveCMC zvine zvimiro zvakasiyana, senge "solvent-slurry method" [3] maitiro ayo akabudirira kugadzirwa. kunze kwenyika uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya. Rudzi rutsva rweCMC yakagadziridzwa ine kugadzikana kwepamusoro inogadzirwa. Nekuda kwedhigirii repamusoro rekutsiva uye kugovera kwakafanana kwezvimwe zvinotsiva, inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekugadzira maindasitiri uye nharaunda dzekushandisa dzakaoma kusangana nepamusoro pezvinodiwa. Pasi rose, rudzi rutsva urwu rweCMC yakagadziridzwa inonziwo "polyanionic cellulose (PAC, Poly anionic cellulose)".
kuchengeteka
Kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro, ADI haidi mitemo, uye mitemo yenyika yakagadzirwa [4].
application
Ichi chigadzirwa chine mabasa ekusunga, kukora, kusimbisa, emulsifying, kuchengetedza mvura uye kumiswa.
Kushandiswa kweCMC muchikafu
FAO neWHO vakabvumidza kushandiswa kweCMC yakachena muchikafu. Yakatenderwa mushure mekuomesesa biological uye toxicological research uye bvunzo. Iyo yakachengeteka kutora (ADI) yepasi rose mwero ndeye 25mg/(kg·d) , iyo inenge 1.5 g/d pamunhu. Zvinonzi vamwe vanhu havana kuita muchetura apo kutora kwakasvika 10 kg. CMC haingori yakanaka emulsification stabilizer uye thickener mukushandisa kwechikafu, asi zvakare ine yakanakisa kutonhora nekunyunguduka kugadzikana, uye inogona kuvandudza kunaka kwechigadzirwa uye kurebesa nguva yekuchengetedza. Huwandu hunoshandiswa mumukaka wesoya, aizikirimu, ice cream, jelly, zvinwiwa, nemakani inenge 1% kusvika 1.5%. CMC inogona zvakare kugadzira yakagadzika emulsified dispersion nevhiniga, soy muto, mafuta emichero, muto wemichero, muto, muto wemuriwo, nezvimwewo, uye dosi iri 0.2% kusvika 0.5%. Kunyanya, ine yakanakisa emulsifying performance yemhuka nemafuta emiriwo, mapuroteni uye aqueous mhinduro, zvichiita kuti igadzire homogeneous emulsion ine yakagadzikana kuita. Nekuda kwekuchengetedza kwayo uye kuvimbika, dosi yaro haina kuganhurirwa neyakajairwa hutsanana hwechikafu ADI. CMC yakaenderera mberi kugadzirwa mumunda wekudya, uye tsvakiridzo yekushandiswa kwe sodium carboxymethylcellulose mukugadzira waini yakaitwa zvakare.
Kushandiswa kweCMC mukurapa
Muindasitiri yemishonga, inogona kushandiswa semulsion stabilizer yejekiseni, binder uye firimu-inogadzira agent yemapiritsi. Vamwe vanhu vakaratidza kuti CMC yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika anticancer mushonga mutakuri kuburikidza nekutanga uye mhuka kuyedza. Uchishandisa CMC sechinhu chemembrane, iyo yakagadziridzwa dosage fomu yechinyakare Chinese mushonga Yangyin Shengji Powder, Yangyin Shengji Membrane, inogona kushandiswa dermabrasion oparesheni maronda uye anorwadza maronda. Zvidzidzo zvemhando yemhuka zvakaratidza kuti iyo firimu inodzivirira hutachiona hwemaronda uye haina misiyano yakakura kubva kune gauze dressings. Panyaya yekudzora maronda matishu fluid exudation uye nekukurumidza kupora kweronda, iyi firimu iri nani zvakanyanya pane gauze mapfekero, uye ine mhedzisiro yekudzikisa postoperative edema uye kutsamwa kwemaronda. Iyo firimu gadziriro yakagadzirwa nepolyvinyl doro: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: polycarboxyethylene pachiyero che3: 6: 1 ndiyo yakanyanya kunyorerwa, uye adhesion uye kuburitsa mwero zviri zviviri zvinowedzera. Kusungirirwa kwekugadzirira, nguva yekugara yekugadzirira mumuromo wemuromo uye kushanda kwemishonga mukugadzirira zvose zvakagadziridzwa. Bupivacaine ine simba rekutindivadza munharaunda, asi dzimwe nguva inogona kuburitsa yakakomba yemoyo nevascular side effects kana ine chepfu. Naizvozvo, nepo bupivacaine ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukiriniki, tsvakiridzo yekudzivirira uye kurapwa kwechepfu yayo yagara ichitariswa zvakanyanya. Zvidzidzo zvePharmacological zvakaratidza kuti CIVIC sechinhu chakasimba-chinoburitswa chakagadzirwa nebupivacaine mhinduro inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mhedzisiro yemushonga. Mukuvhiya kwePRK, kushandiswa kwepasi-concentration tetracaine uye kwete-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inosanganiswa neCMC inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kurwadziwa kwepashure. Kudzivirirwa kwemashure ekubatira peritoneal adhesions uye kuderedzwa kwemukati kuvharwa ndeimwe yezvinonyanya kunetseka mukuvhiya kwekiriniki. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti CMC iri nani zvakanyanya kupfuura sodium hyaluronate mukuderedza dhigirii yemashure ekunamatira peritoneal, uye inogona kushandiswa senzira inoshanda yekudzivirira kuitika kweperitoneal adhesions. CMC inoshandiswa mucatheter hepatic arterial infusion yemishonga inorwisa kenza yekurapa gomarara rechiropa, iyo inogona kurebesa nguva yekugara kwemishonga inorwisa kenza mumamota, kuwedzera simba rekurwisa bundu, uye kugadzirisa kurapa. Mumishonga yemhuka, CMC zvakare ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa. Zvave zvichishumwa kuti intraperitoneal instillation ye1% CMC mhinduro kumakwai ane simba guru pakudzivirira dystocia uye kunamatira kwemimba mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwemaitiro ekubereka muzvipfuwo.
CMC mune mamwe maindasitiri maapplication
Mune detergents, CMC inogona kushandiswa seanorwisa-ivhu redeposition agent, kunyanya kune hydrophobic synthetic fiber machira, ari nani zvakanyanya kupfuura carboxymethyl fiber.
CMC inogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza matsime emafuta sedhaka stabilizer uye mvura yekuchengeta mumiriri mukuchera oiri. Muyero wetsime rimwe nerimwe remafuta i2.3t kumatsime asina kudzika uye 5.6t kumatsime akadzika;
Muindasitiri yemachira, inoshandiswa senge saizi agent, thickener yekudhinda uye dhayi paste, machira kudhinda uye kuomesa kupedzisa. Kana ichishandiswa seye saizi mumiriri, inogona kuvandudza solubility uye viscosity, uye iri nyore kuita dhizaini; semumiriri anoomesa, chiyero chayo chiri pamusoro pe95%; kana ichishandiswa semumiriri wesaizi, simba uye kuchinjika kweiyo saizi firimu inovandudzwa zvakanyanya; with regenerated silk fibroin The composite membrane inoumbwa ne carboxymethyl cellulose inoshandiswa sematrix ye immobilizing glucose oxidase, uye glucose oxidase uye ferrocene carboxylate hazvifambi, uye glucose biosensor yakagadzirwa ine yakakwirira kunzwisisika uye kugadzikana. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kana silica gel homogenate inogadzirwa neCMC mhinduro ine muunganidzwa we1% (w/v), iyo chromatographic performance yeakagadzirirwa nhete-layer plate ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka. Panguva imwecheteyo, ndiro yakatetepa-yakavharwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akagadziridzwa ine Yakakodzera dhizaini simba, inokodzera akasiyana sampling matekiniki, nyore kushanda. CMC inonamatira kune akawanda mafiber uye inogona kuvandudza kubatana pakati pemafayibha. Kugadzikana kwe viscosity yayo kunogona kuve nechokwadi chekufanana kwehukuru, nekudaro ichivandudza kugona kwekuruka. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyekupedzisa mumiriri wemicheka, kunyanya yekusingaperi anti-wrinkle kupedzisa, izvo zvinounza shanduko yakasimba kumachira.
CMC inogona kushandiswa senge anti-sedimentation agent, emulsifier, dispersant, leveling agent, uye inonamira yekupfeka. Iyo inogona kuita iyo yakasimba yemukati yekuputira yakaenzana kugovaniswa musolvent, kuitira kuti iyo yekupfeka irege delaminate kwenguva yakareba. Inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mumapende. .
Kana CMC ichishandiswa se flocculant, inoshanda kupfuura sodium gluconate mukubvisa calcium ions. Kana ichishandiswa sechitsinhano chekisheni, huwandu hwayo hwekutsinhana hunogona kusvika 1.6 ml/g.
CMC inoshandiswa semapepa saizi agent muindasitiri yemapepa, inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuoma kwesimba uye kunyorova kwesimba rebepa, pamwe nekuramba mafuta, kunyura inki uye kuramba mvura.
CMC inoshandiswa se hydrosol muzvizoro uye seyakakora mune mushonga wemazino, uye muyero wayo ungangoita 5%.
CMC inogona kushandiswa se flocculant, chelating agent, emulsifier, thickener, kuchengetedza mvura, sing agent, film-forming material, nezvimwewo, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, matehwe, mapurasitiki, kudhinda, ceramics, mushonga wemazino, zuva nezuva. makemikari nemimwe minda, uye nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanaka uye kwakasiyana mashandisiro, inogara ichivhura minda mitsva yekushandisa, uye musika. tarisiro yakakura kwazvo.
Zvekungwaririra
(1) Kuenderana kwechigadzirwa ichi neasidhi yakasimba, alkali yakasimba, uye heavy metal ions (yakadai sealuminium, zinc, mercury, sirivheri, iron, etc.) inopesana.
(2) Inobvumirwa kutora kwechigadzirwa ichi 0-25mg/kg·d.
Mirayiridzo
Sanganisa CMC zvakananga nemvura kuti uite pasty glue kuti ishandiswe gare gare. Paunenge uchigadzira CMC glue, tanga wawedzera imwe mvura yakachena mubhachi tangi ine inomutsa mudziyo, uye kana iyo inokuchidzira yavhurwa, zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakaenzana saya CMC mutangi rebatching, uchikurudzira nguva dzose, kuitira kuti CMC Inyatsobatanidzwa. nemvura, CMC inogona kunyungudika zvizere. Pakunyungudusa CMC, chikonzero nei ichifanira kusaswa zvakaenzana uye kusimudzwa nguva dzose ndeye "kudzivirira matambudziko ekubatana, agglomeration, uye kuderedza huwandu hweCMC yakanyungudika kana CMC ikasangana nemvura", uye kuwedzera chiyero chekuparara kweCMC. Nguva yekukuchidzira haina kufanana nenguva yekuti CMC iparare zvachose. Iwo mafungiro maviri. Kazhinji kutaura, nguva yekubvongodza ipfupi pane nguva yekuti CMC iparare zvachose. Nguva inodiwa kune maviri inoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo.
Hwaro hwekusarudza nguva yekukurudzira ndeye: apo iyoCMCinoparadzirwa zvakafanana mumvura uye hapana mapundu akakura ari pachena, kubvongodza kunogona kumiswa, zvichiita kuti CMC nemvura ipinde uye kubatanidza pamwe chete mumamiriro akamira.
Hwaro hwekutarisa nguva inodiwa kuti CMC iparadzwe zvachose ndeiyi inotevera:
(1) CMC nemvura zvakasungwa zvachose, uye hapana kupatsanurwa kwakasimba-mumvura pakati pezviviri;
(2) Paka yakavhenganiswa iri muchimiro chakafanana, uye pamusoro pacho yakati sandara uye yakatsetseka;
(3) Muvara wepaste yakasanganiswa iri pedyo nekusina ruvara uye pachena, uye hapana zvinhu zvegranular mune paste. Kubva panguva iyo CMC inoiswa mubatching tank uye yakasanganiswa nemvura kusvika panguva iyo CMC yanyungudika zvachose, nguva inodiwa iri pakati pegumi nemaawa makumi maviri.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-26-2024