1.Structure uye gadziriro yegadziriro ye cellulose ether
Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza chimiro chakajairwa che cellulose ana. Imwe neimwe BD-Anhydroglucose unit (iyo inodzokorora yeCellulose) Inotsiva rimwe boka paC (2), c (6) uye C (6) zvinzvimbo, ndiko kuti, panogona kusvika kumatatu mapoka matatu. Nekuda kweiyo Intra-ketani uye Inter-Cache Chain Hydrogen Zvisungo zvecellulose macromolecules, zvakaoma kunyungudutswa mumvura uye kunenge zvese organic sol sol. Sumo yemapoka erther kuburikidza nekuregeredza inoparadza intramolecular uye Intermolecular Hydrogen zvisungo, inovandudza hydrofiromizi yayo, uye inovandudza solubility yayo mumu media yemvura.
Chaizvoizvo itsersitified vanodzika mapoka ehuremu alkoxy mapoka (1 kusvika 4 kabhoni maatomu) kana hydroxylkyl mapoka, ayo anogona kuzoratidzwa nemamwe mapoka anoshanda akadai searboxyl, hydroxyl kana amino mapoka. Tsiva inogona kunge iri yeimwe, maviri kana anopfuura akasiyana marudzi. Parutivi rweCellulose Macromolecular Chain, iyo hydroxyl mapoka paC (2), C (3) uye C (6) nzvimbo yeyuniti yega yega yegrocess yakatsiva mune dzakasiyana siyana. Chaizvoizvo kutaura, cellulose ether kazhinji haina chemical yemakemikari, kunze kwezvigadzirwa izvo zvakanyatsotsiviwa neboka rimwe reboka (ese matatu maHydroxyl mapoka anotsiviwa). Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinogona chete kushandiswa kwekuongororwa kwekutaridzwa uye kutsvagisa, uye hauna kukosha kwekushambadzira.
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(b) chidimbu cheMolecular chidimbu che carboxymethylHydroxytHyl Cellulose, iyo degree rekutsiva carboxymeymethyl ndeye 0.5, iyo degree rekutsiva hydroxylsl is 2.0, uye degree rekutsiva ndeye 3.0. Ichi chimiro chinomiririra iyo avhareji yekutsiva mapoka edzitsiniro, asi iyo iss istsints ndeyechokwadi.
Kune imwe neimwe inoshatisa, huwandu hwakazara hwekuwedzera hunoratidzwa neyero yekutsiva DS kukosha. Iyo huwandu hweDS iri 0 ~ 3, iyo yakaenzana neyevhareji nhamba yeiyo hydroxyl mapoka yakatsiviwa nemapoka ekutsvagira pane imwe neimwe yeunhydroglucose unit.
Kune hydroxylkyll Cell Celluloselose. Substitution rection ichatanga kuwedzerwa kubva mumapoka matsva ehuma hydroxyl mapoka, uye danho rekutsiva rinogona kuiswa neiyo ms kukosha, ndiko kuti, iyo molong degree rekutsiva. Iyo inomiririra iyo avhareji nhamba yehuwandu hwekuchinja-kuendeswa mumiririri akawedzera kuwedzerwa kune yega yega inhydroglucose unit. Chinhu chakajairika ndeye ethyleye oxide uye chigadzirwa chine hydroxythethyl kutsiva. Mumufananidzo 1, iyo ms kukosha kwechigadzirwa ndeye 3.0.
Zvezvinoshorwa, hapana muganho wepamusoro weiyo ms kukosha. Kana iyo DS Kukosha kweDhigiri rekutsiva pane rimwe nerimwe glucose Boka rinozivikanwa, denderedzwa remugadziri kazhinji (WT%) yemapoka akasiyana ekuwedzera (senge -och3 or -oc3h4oh) kumiririra chikamu chekutsiva uye degree panzvimbo yeDS uye ms zvinokosheswa. Chikamu chakawanda cheboka rega rega uye maDS kana ms kukosha kunogona kushandurwa nekuverenga nyore.
Vazhinji cellulose eter ana mapuranga emvura, uye zvimwewo zvinonyangadza zvakanyanyisa mu organic sol. Cellulose ether ane hunhu hwekushanda kwakanyanya, mutengo wakaderera, kugadzirisa zviri nyore, kusarudzika kwakasiyana-siyana, uye minda yekunyorera ichiri kuwedzera. Semumiriri webetsero, cellulose ether ane yakakura yekushandisa inogona muminda dzakasiyana siyana yeindasitiri. inogona kuwanikwa ne ms / ds.
Cellulose anaiters inoverengerwa zvichienderana nemakemikari emakemikari ezvakafanana neanonic, catiic uye nonition anaitinhi. Vanonionic aungana vanogona kukamurwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvemvura-nyoro uye nemafuta e-mafuta.
Zvigadzirwa zvave zvakanyorwa zvakanyorwa mune yepamusoro chikamu chetafura 1
Kurongeka kwechidimbu kweiyo yakasanganiswa ents simbisa methyl kutsiva.
Iwo maHydroxyl mapoka pa cellulose haawanikwe nevamiriri erera. Iyo cellulose inotanga kuumbwa muSellen Alkali Cellalose Solution Solution, uyezve mupeziro yekuchinja-kugadziriswa kwemumiririri. Munguva yekugadzirwa uye kugadzirira kwehondo dzakasanganiswa, mhando dzakasiyana dzeVamiriri veEthertification dzinofanira kushandiswa panguva imwe chete, kana kuwedzerwa kunofanirwa kuitwa nhanho nhanho nekupindirana nekudyira (kana zvichidikanwa). Kune marudzi mana ekugadzirisa mune yekushatidziro yemheremalose, ayo anopfupikiswa neyekuita mafomula (cellulosic inotsiviwa neCell-o) seinotevera:
Equation (1) inotsanangura iyo Williamson ertiised maitiro. RX iri inorganic acid ester, uye x is halogen br, cl kana sulfutic acid esid. Chloride R-Cl inowanzoshandiswa muindasitiri, semuenzaniso, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride kana chloroacetic acid. Iyo stoichiometric huwandu hwechigadziko chinodyiwa mune zvakadai maitiro. Iyo Inoshanda Cellulose ether zvigadzirwa methyl Cellel
Reaction formula (2) ndeyekuwedzera kweiyo base-carlyzed epoxidee (yakadai se r = h, ch3, kana c2h5) uye hydroxyl mapoka pamasekorari pasina kupedza base. Kuita uku kunogona kuenderera mberi seNew Hydroxyl mapoka anogadzirwa panguva yekuita, kufananidzira kweOligokylene . Zvigadzirwa zvakadai seHydroxyTHETH Cellulosel Cellulosel CelluloseS uye hydroxyButyl Cellulose zvinhu zvese zvigadzirwa zvevashandisi vezveshuwa.
Reaction Fomu Nhasi rudzi urwu rwekuita hazviwanzo kushandiswa zvinoshanda nesimba.
Reaction formula (4), erafitifoti ine sizoalkane haina kuve maisimo.
- Mhando dzeCellulose ana
Cellulose ether inogona kuve moneter kana yakasanganiswa ether, uye zvivakwa zvacho zvakasiyana. Pane yakaderera-yakatsiva hydrophic mapoka pane cellulose macromolecule, iyo inogona kupinza chigadzirwa chine mapoka emvura, akadai methyl, etcyl, etc., chete kutsiva kwakakwirira. Ipa chigadzirwa chimwe chinhu chimwe chinongedzo chemvura, uye chigadzirwa chakaderera-chakasarudzika chinongo nyura mumvura kana kuti chinogona kunyungudutswa muDilute Alkali Solution. Nekutsvagisa kwakadzika kwezvivakwa zve cellulose ana manyorerwe ana vanayo, minda yavo yekushandisa icharamba ichikura uye inogadzirwa, uye iyo simba rekutyaira uye raigara rakanatswa.
Mutemo wezvemitemo wesimba remapoka mune yakasanganiswa etana paSolubility Properties ndeye:
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3) Iyo hydroxyprupropyl boka rakakosha, uye hydroxyprupypruslation Chikonzero chakakonzerwa neyakagwinya kabhoni keteni yekureba kweiyo hydroxyproslation Mvura iri kutonga. Kune rimwe divi, kana kutsiva kwakakwira, kuchave nechero polymerization kune boka remativi, zvirimo zveboka reHydroxy vachadzikira, hydrohobicity ichawedzera, uye iyo solubility ichaderedzwa pachinzvimbo.
Kugadzirwa nekutsvaga kwecellulose etherine nhoroondo refu. Muna 1905, Suida akatanga akataura kuti itstifitizire yemheremalose, iyo yakanga ina methlated ne dimethyl sulfate. Nonition ackyl anaitendeti yakatwasirwa naLilienfeld (1912), dreyfus (1914) uye leuch (1920) yemvura-soluble cellulose cellulose cellulose. Buchller naGodyg Production Benzyl Cellyl Cellylosel Cellyner Kubva 1937 kusvika 1938, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kweMC uye HEC kwakazadziswa muUnited States. Sweden akatanga kugadzirwa kwemvura-svutugadzike mumvura muna 1945. Pashure pa1945, kugadzirwa kweCellulose ther kwakawedzera nekukurumidza kuWestern Europe, United States neJapan. Pakupera kwa1957, china CMC yakatanga kuiswa mukugadzirwa muShanghai celluloid fekitori. Pakazosvika 2004, nyika yangu yekugadzira nyika ichave makumi matatu ematani ematani eIonic ether uye zviuru gumi zvematani ematani asiri-ionic ether. Pakazosvika 2007, ichasvika zviuru zana ezviuru zveIonic ether e ether uye 40,000 matani e nonition ether. Makambani ejoini tekinoroji kumba uye kunze kwenyika zviri kugara zvichingobuda, uye cheCluelose Cellulose Erth Production Kugona uye Technical Level iri kugara tichivandudza.
Mumakore achangopfuura, vazhinji vecoulose monethers uye vafambi vakasanganiswa vane maitiro akasiyana-siyana DS, viscokities, kuchena uye zvivakwa zvezvinyorwa zvakaenderera mberi zvakavandudzwa. Parizvino, kutarisisa kwekukura mumunda weCellulose etero rekugadzira teknology
Kutumira Nguva: Kubvumbi-28-2024