Cellulose is a akaomesesa polysaccharide yakaumbwa neyakawanda mapoka eglucose yakabatana ne β -,4,4-glycosic zvisungo. Icho chinhu chikuru chechirwere chemadziro emasero uye chinopa chirimwa masero masero masimba akasimba kutsigiro uye kuomarara. Nekuda kwenguva yakareba cellulose molecular cheni uye yakakwirira crystallinity, ine kusimba kwakasimba uye kusanganisa.
(1) zvivakwa zve cellulose uye kunetseka mukunyungudika
Cellulose ine zvinotevera zvivakwa zvinoita kuti zviome kunyungudika:
Yakakwira Crystallinity: Iyo cellulose Makeruli echiratidzo inoumba chimiro chakasimba kuburikidza neHydrogen zvisungo uye van der waals masimba.
Dhigirii repamusoro rePolymerization: Dhigirii rePolymerization (kureva urefu hwemanyorerwe emanyorerwo) weCellulose wakakwira, kazhinji kubva kumazana kuzviunha zveGlucose zvikamu zveGlucose, chinowedzera kugadzikana kwemamorekuru.
Hydrogen Bond Network: Hydrogen zvishuwo zviripo pakati uye mukati memaCellulose moleky maketani, zvichiita kuti zviome kuparadzwa uye kunyungudutswa neuwandu hwakawanda.
(2) reagents iyo inopaza cellulose
Parizvino, iyo inozivikanwa reagents inogona kunyatso nyura cellulose inonyanya kusanganisira zvikamu zvinotevera:
1. Ionic zvinwiwa
Ionic Liquids inoumbwa neine organic cues uye organic kana isorganic anigns, kazhinji ine yakaderera kusimba, yakanyanya kugadzikana uye yakanyanya kugadzikana. Zvimwe zvinwiwa zveIonic zvinogona kupera cellulose, uye maitiro makuru ari kutyora iyo hydrogen zvisungo pakati pema cellulose maketani. Zvakajairika Ionic zvinwiwa zvinopera cellulose zvinosanganisira:
1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazodium chloride ([bmim] ([BMIM]
1-ETEHYL-3-Methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim] ([Emim] (Ac]
2. Amine oxidant mhinduro
Amine oxidant mhinduro yakadai seyakagadziriswa mhinduro ye diethylamine (Dea) uye copper chloride inonzi [cu (cu (ii) -mmonium solution], iyo yakasimba solvent system inogona kunyungudika cellulose. Inoparadza iyo crystal chimiro che celloulose kuburikidza ne oxidation uye hydrogen kusungwa, kugadzira cellulose molecular cheni kusfashika uye zvakanyanya kuwanda.
3. Lithium chloride-dimethylacetamide (licl-dmac) system
Iyo LICL-DMC (LITHIOUM chloride-Dimethylacetamide) Sisitimu ndiyo imwe yenzira dzechirongwa dzekunyungudika cellulose. LICL inogona kuumba makwikwi eHydrogen zvisungo, nekudaro achiparadza iyo hydrogen bond network pakati pe cellulose molulose
4. Hydrochloric acid / zinc chloride solution
Iyo hydrochloric acid / zinc chloride solution ndiyo yekutanga yakawanikwa reagent iyo inogona kunyungudika cellulose. Inogona kunyungudika cellulose nekugadzira mari yekubatanidza pakati peZinc chloride ngetani, uye hydrochloric acid yekuparadza iyo hydrogen bonds pakati pe cellulose mamorekuru. Nekudaro, iyi mhinduro inoenderana zvakanyanya nemidziyo uye inoganhurwa mune zvinoshanda zvinoshandiswa.
5. Fibrinolytic enzymes
Fibrinotic Iyi nzira ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa mumunda we bioders uye biomass kutendeuka, kunyangwe maitiro ayo ekunyungudika haana kunyatso kupaza mhosva, asi anowanikwa kuburikidza ne biocatalysis.
(3) michina yemuchinjiko wekunyorwa cellulose
Dzakasiyana reagents ine mashini akasiyana ekunyungudika mheremalose, asi kazhinji ivo vanogona kuve nehutano hukuru hukuru hwekuita:
Kuparadza kweHydrogen Zvisungo: Kuparadza Hydrogen Bonds pakati Cellulose maketins kuburikidza nemakwikwi hydrogen bond kuumbwa kana ionic kudyidzana, ichiita kuti ive svutugadzike.
Molecular Chain Zororo: Kuwedzera kupfava kweCellulose Maketin uye kuderedza crystinity maketani emanyorero kuburikidza nemanyorero kana emakemikari nzira, kuti vazungunuke mune sol sol.
(4) Zvinoshanda zvinoshanda zve cellulose kuputsika
Cellulose Kupararira kune zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa muminda yakawanda:
Kugadzirira kweCellulose Desvatives: Mushure mekunyungudutswa Consulose, zvinogona kuwedzeredzwa nemakemikari kugadzirira cellulose.
Cellulose-basvest zvinhu: Uchishandisa Delsalved Cellulose, Cellulose Naneofiger, Cellulose membranes uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kugadzirira. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvine zvimiro zvakanaka zvemakaniki uye biocomputer.
Biomass Energy: Nekunyungudika uye kushandurwa cellulose, inogona kushandurwa kuita seges inokurumidzwa kugadzirwa kwebiofuls yakadai seBioethanol, iyo inobatsira kuzadzisa kukura uye kushandiswa kwesimba rinovandudzwa.
Cellulose Dissolution chirongwa chakaomarara chinosanganisira akawanda emakemikari uye emuviri maitiro. Ionic Liquids, Amino Oxidant Solutions, Licl-Dmac Symbols, Hydrochloric acid / zinc chlentide mhinduro parizvino ari anozivikanwa kuti kuve vamiririri vanonyungudika Mumwe nemumwe mumiririri ane chayo chakasarudzika musimboti uye munda unoshandisa. Nekunyatsotsanangura kwekunyorwa kwemhereme cellulose.
Kutumira Nguva: Jul-09-2024