1 Hordhac
Shiinaha ayaa in ka badan 20 sano kor u qaadayay hoobiyeyaasha diyaarsan. Gaar ahaan sannadihii u dambeeyay, waaxyaha dawladda ee qaranka ee ay khusayso waxay muhiimad gaar ah siiyeen samaynta hoobiye-diyaar ah oo la isku daray oo soo saaray siyaasado dhiirigelin ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa dalka ka jira in ka badan 10 gobol iyo degmooyin kuwaas oo isticmaalay hoobiye la isku daray. In ka badan 60%, waxaa jira in ka badan 800 oo shirkadood oo diyaarsan oo hoobiye ah oo ka sarreeya cabbirka caadiga ah, oo leh awoodda naqshadeynta sanadlaha ah ee 274 milyan oo tan. 2021, wax soo saarka sanadlaha ah ee hoobiye diyaarsan oo la isku daray wuxuu ahaa 62.02 milyan tan.
Inta lagu jiro habka dhismaha, hoobiye ayaa inta badan luminaya biyo aad u badan oo aan haysan waqti iyo biyo ku filan oo ay ku fuuqaan, taas oo keenta in aan ku filnayn xoog iyo dillaaca koollada sibidhka ka dib marka ay adkaato. Eter cellulose waa isku-darka polymer-ka caadiga ah ee hoobiye-engegan ee isku-dhafan. Waxay leedahay hawlaha haynta biyaha, dhumucdooda, dib u dhigista iyo hawo-gelinta hawada, waxayna si weyn u wanaajin kartaa waxqabadka hoobiye.
Si loo sameeyo hoobiye la buuxiyo shuruudaha gaadiidka iyo xallinta dhibaatooyinka dillaaca iyo xoogga isku xirnaanta hooseeya, waa muhiim in lagu daro ether cellulose hoobiye. Maqaalkani wuxuu si kooban u soo bandhigayaa sifooyinka cellulose ether iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay waxqabadka alaabta sibidhka ku salaysan, iyagoo rajeynaya inay caawiyaan xalinta dhibaatooyinka farsamada ee la xidhiidha hoobiye diyaarsan.
2 Hordhac cellulose ether
Cellulose Ether (Cellulose Ether) waxa laga sameeyaa cellulose iyada oo loo marayo falcelinta etherification ee hal ama in ka badan oo ah walxaha etherification iyo shiidi qalalan.
2.1 Kala soocida ethers cellulose
Marka loo eego qaab dhismeedka kiimikada ee beddelka ether-ka, ethers cellulose waxaa loo qaybin karaa anionic, cationic iyo ethers nonionic. Ionic cellulose ethers inta badan waxaa ka mid ah karboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); Ethers-cellulose-ka aan-ionic-ka ahayn inta badan waxaa ka mid ah methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) iyo hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) iyo wixii la mid ah. Ether-yada aan-ionic-ka ahayn waxay u qaybsan yihiin ether-biyood-ku-milmi kara iyo ether-saliid-milmi leh. Ether-ka biyaha milma ee aan-ionic ahayn ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa alaabada hoobiye. Joogitaanka ions calcium, ethers ionic cellulose waa xasilloon, sidaas darteed marar dhif ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa alaabta hoobiyeyaasha qalalan ee qallalan ee isticmaala sibidhka, lime la jarjaray, iwm. sida alaabta sibidhka. Ether-yada cellulose-ka ee aan-ionic-ka ahayn ee biyaha-milmi kara ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha qalabka dhismaha sababtoo ah xasilloonidooda hakinta iyo saamaynta xajinta biyaha.
Sida laga soo xigtay wakiilada etherification ee kala duwan ee lagu doortay habka etherification, alaabta ether cellulose ka mid ah methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, karboxymethyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl, hydroxypropyl, benzyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl, benzyl cellulose. fenyl cellulose.
Ether-yada Cellulose ee loo isticmaalo hoobiye sida caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) iyo hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC) Waxaa ka mid ah, HPMC iyo HEMC ayaa ah kuwa ugu isticmaalka badan.
2.2 Astaamaha kiimikaad ee ether cellulose
Eter kasta oo cellulose ah wuxuu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee qaab-dhismeedka cellulose-anhydroglucose. Habka soo saarista ether cellulose, fiber cellulose ayaa marka hore lagu kululeeyaa xalalka alkaline ka dibna lagu daaweeyaa wakiilka etherifying. Alaabada falcelinta fibroeska ah waa la nadiifiyey oo dhulka si ay u sameeyaan budo isku mid ah oo leh xoogaa finnaan ah.
Soo saarista MC, kaliya methyl chloride ayaa loo isticmaalaa sida wakiilka etherifying; Marka lagu daro chloride methyl, propylene oxide ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa si loo helo beddelka hydroxypropyl ee wax soo saarka HPMC. Ethers cellulose kala duwan ayaa leh heerar beddelaad methyl iyo hydroxypropyl kala duwan, kuwaas oo saameeya iswaafajinta organic iyo heerkulka jelka kulaylka ee xalka etherka cellulose.
2.3 Astaamaha kala dirida etherka cellulose
Sifooyinka kala dirida ether-ka cellulose waxay saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin shaqada ee hoobiye sibidhka. Eter cellulose waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si loo hagaajiyo isku xirnaanta iyo haynta biyaha ee hoobiye sibidhka, laakiin tani waxay kuxirantahay eter-ka cellulose si buuxda oo si buuxda u milmay biyaha. Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee saameeya kala dirida ether cellulose waa wakhtiga kala dirida, xawaaraha kicinta iyo budada budada ah.
2.4 Doorka quusitaanka ee hoobiye sibidhka
Sida wax-ku-darka muhiimka ah ee dareeraha sibidhka, Burburku wuxuu saameyntiisa ku leeyahay dhinacyada soo socda.
(1) Hagaajinta kartida hoobiyeyaasha iyo kordhinta viscosity ee hoobiye.
Ku darida jet ololka waxay ka ilaalin kartaa hoobiye inay kala go'aan waxayna heli kartaa labis iyo caag labis ah. Tusaale ahaan, waabab ay ku jiraan HEMC, HPMC, iwm., waxay ku habboon yihiin hoobiye-lakabka khafiifka ah iyo malaasta. , Heerarka xiiridda, heerkulka, fiirsashada burburka iyo fiirsashada milixda ee milmay.
(2) Waxay leedahay saameyn hawo-mareen ah.
Sababtoo ah wasakhda, soo bandhigida kooxaha ee qaybaha waxay yaraynaysaa tamarta dusha sare ee qaybaha, waana sahlan tahay in la soo bandhigo qaybo xasilloon, labis ah iyo qaybo ganaax ah oo lagu qaso dusha sare ee habka. "Wax ku oolnimada kubbadda" waxay hagaajinaysaa waxqabadka dhismaha ee hoobiye, waxay yaraynaysaa qoyaanka hoobiye waxayna yareysaa kuleylka kuleylka ee hoobiye. Tijaabooyinku waxay muujiyeen in marka xaddiga isku-darka ee HEMC iyo HPMC ay tahay 0.5%, waxa ku jira gaaska hoobiyegu waa kan ugu weyn, qiyaastii 55%; marka qadarka isku-darka ahi uu ka badan yahay 0.5%, waxa ku jira hoobiye ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u kobcaya gaaska isbeddelka marka qadarku kordho.
(3) Ka dhig mid aan isbeddelin.
Dhukuhu wuu milmi karaa, saliidayn karaa oo walaaqi karaa hoobiye, wuxuuna fududayn karaa fududaynta lakabka khafiifka ah ee hoobiye iyo malaasta budada. Looma baahna in hore loo qooyo. Dhismaha ka dib, walxaha sibidhka ayaa sidoo kale yeelan kara wakhti dheer oo fuuq-bax joogto ah xeebta si loo hagaajiyo isku-xidhka u dhexeeya hoobiye iyo substrate-ka.
Saamaynta wax ka beddelka ether-ka cellulose-ka ee walxaha cusub ee sibidhka ku salaysan ayaa inta badan ka mid ah dhumucdi, haynta biyaha, hawo-ku-qaadista iyo dib-u-dhac. Isticmaalka baahsan ee ethers cellulose ee alaabta cement-ku salaysan, isdhexgalka ka dhexeeya ethers cellulose iyo sibidhka sibidhka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u noqonaya goob cilmi baaris ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Dec-16-2021