Diyaarinta carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)waa polymer biyo-milmi leh oo badan oo laga soo qaatay cellulose, kaas oo ah polysaccharide dabiiciga ah oo laga helo gidaarada unugyada dhirta. CMC waxay ka heshaa codsiyo ballaaran warshado kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan cuntada, dawooyinka, waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo, dunta, waraaqaha, iyo kuwo kale oo badan iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay sifooyinkeeda gaarka ah sida dhumucda, xasilinta, xirida, sameynta filimada, iyo haysashada biyaha. Diyaarinta CMC waxay ku lug leedahay dhowr tillaabo oo ka bilaabmaya soo saarista cellulose ee ilaha dabiiciga ah oo ay ku xigto wax ka beddelkeeda si loo soo bandhigo kooxaha karboxymethyl.

1. Soo saarista Cellulose:
Talaabada ugu horeysa ee diyaarinta CMC waa ka saarida cellulose ee ilaha dabiiciga ah sida saxarka alwaax, suufka suufka, ama fiilooyinka dhirta kale. Cellulose-ka waxaa sida caadiga ah lagu helaa habab taxane ah oo ay ka mid yihiin dhuuqida, bleaching, iyo nadiifinta. Tusaale ahaan, saxarka alwaax waxaa lagu heli karaa hababka farsamaysan ama kiimikada oo ay ku xigto bleaching leh koloriin ama hydrogen peroxide si looga saaro wasakhda iyo lignin.

2. Firfircoonida Cellulose:
Marka cellulose la soo saaro, waxay u baahan tahay in la dhaqaajiyo si loo fududeeyo soo bandhigida kooxaha karboxymethyl. Dhaqdhaqaaqa waxaa badanaa lagu gaaraa in lagu daaweeyo cellulose leh alkali sida sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ama sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) ee hoos yimaada xaaladaha heerkulka iyo cadaadiska. Daawaynta alkalinku waxay barartaa fiilooyinka cellulose waxayna kordhisaa falcelintooda iyadoo jebinaysa curaarta hydrogen intramolecular iyo intermolecular.

3. Falcelinta Carboxymethylation:
Cellulose-ka firfircoon ayaa markaa la hoos geeyaa falcelinta karboxymethylation halkaas oo kooxaha karboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) lagu soo bandhigo kooxaha hydroxyl ee silsiladaha cellulose. Dareen-celintan waxaa sida caadiga ah lagu fuliyaa iyada oo la falcelinayo cellulose-ka firfircoon ee sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) iyadoo ay jirto joogitaanka kicinta alkaline sida sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Falcelinta waxaa loo matalli karaa sida soo socota:

Cellulose + Chloroacetic Acid → Carboxymethyl Cellulose + NaCl

Xaaladaha falcelinta oo ay ku jiraan heerkulka, wakhtiga falcelinta, fiirsashada reagents, iyo pH si taxadir leh ayaa loo xakameeyaa si loo hubiyo dhalidda sare iyo heerka la rabo ee beddelka (DS) taas oo loola jeedo tirada celceliska ee kooxaha karboxymethyl soo bandhigay halkii gulukoos ee silsilad cellulose.

4. Dhexdhexaadinta iyo Dhaqidda:
Ka dib falcelinta karboxymethylation-ka, natiijada karboxymethyl cellulose waa la dhexdhexaadin si meesha looga saaro alkali xad-dhaaf ah iyo chloroacetic acid aan falcelin lahayn. Tan waxaa caadi ahaan lagu gaaraa iyada oo alaabta lagu dhaqo biyo ama xal aashito ah oo la milo ah oo ay raacdo sifaynta si loo kala saaro CMC adag iyo isku dhafka falcelinta.

5. Nadiifinta:
CMC-da la sifeeyay ayaa markaas lagu dhaqaa biyo dhowr jeer si looga saaro wasakhda sida milixda, reagen-yaasha aan la falgelin, iyo alaabta ka soo baxda. Sifeynta ama centrifugation ayaa laga yaabaa in la shaqaaleysiiyo si loo kala saaro CMC-da la safeeyey iyo biyaha dhaqda.

6. Qalajinta:
Ugu dambeyntii, karboxymethyl cellulose ee la safeeyey waa la qalajiyey si looga saaro qoyaanka haraaga ah oo loo helo badeecada la rabo ee qaabka budada qalalan ama granules. Qalajinta waxaa lagu dhammayn karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo habab kala duwan sida hawo qalajinta, qalajinta faakuumka, ama qalajinta buufin iyadoo ku xiran sifooyinka la rabo ee alaabta ugu dambeysa.

7. Astaamaha iyo Xakamaynta Tayada:
La qalajiyeyCMCAlaabada waxaa la marsiiyay farsamooyin sifo kala duwan sida Fourier transforming infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), resonance nukliyeerka nukliyeerka (NMR), iyo cabbirada viscosity si loo xaqiijiyo qaab dhismeedka kiimikada, heerka beddelka, miisaanka kelli, iyo daahirnimada. Tijaabooyinka xakamaynta tayada ayaa sidoo kale la sameeyaa si loo hubiyo in alaabtu buuxisay shuruudaha loo baahan yahay ee codsiyada loogu talagalay.

diyaarinta carboxymethyl cellulose ku lug dhowr tallaabo oo ay ku jiraan soo saaridda ee cellulose ka ilo dabiiciga ah, firfircoonida, falcelinta karboxymethylation, dhexdhexaadnimada, nadiifinta, qalajinta, iyo sifada. Tallaabo kasta waxay u baahan tahay in si taxaddar leh loo xakameeyo xaaladaha falcelinta iyo cabbirrada si loo gaaro wax-soo-saar sare, heerka la doonayo ee beddelka, iyo tayada badeecadda ugu dambeysa. CMC waa polymer aad loo isticmaalo oo leh codsiyo kala duwan iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay sifooyinkeeda gaarka ah iyo kala duwanaanshahooda.