1 Hordhac
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, agabka ugu weyn ee loo isticmaalo diyaarintachelther etherWaa suuf, oo soo-saarkiisuna waa hoosaysiisaa, oo qiimaduna waa kacaa;
Waxaa intaa dheer, wakiilo cadaalad ah oo loo isticmaalo sida chloroboronacelice acid (sunta sare) iyo ethelinenenenetien (carcinogenic) ayaa sidoo kale waxyeello u leh jirka bini aadamka iyo deegaanka. Buug
Cutubkan, unugyada miraha ee daahirka qaraabada in ka badan 90% ayaa laga soo saaray cutubka labaad waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida sheyga ceeriin, iyo sodium chloroacetate iyo 2-chlorothanol waxaa loo istcimaalayaa bedel.
Adeegsiga aashitada sunta ah ee sunta ah ee sunta ah ee loo yaqaan 'chlorobric'Kalluunka Carboxmeyl (CMC), non-ionc hydroxyetyl bylulose ayaa loo diyaariyey.
Cellulose (HEC) oo isku qasan yihiin hydroxytyl carboxylykyl (Hecmc) Saddex keli ah ee keli ah ee keli ah. hal qodob
Farsamooyinka diyaarinta ee sedex ka mid ah anshax-qodashada unugyada ee ay ku wajahan yihiin tijaabooyin iyo tijaabooyin orthogonal ah, iyo anshax-darada unugyada qalliinka waxaa lagu gartaa FT-IR, XRD, H-NMR, iwm.
Aasaaska ah ee xirashada cellulose
Mabda'a ee qaybta unugyada unugyada waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood. Qeybta koowaad waa geedi socodka alantasization, taasi waa, inta lagu gudajiro falcelinta alantasinta ee cellulose,
Si siman loogu kala firdhiyay xalka NOh, pineluluel wuxuu ku bararayaa si firfircoon iyada oo loo marayo ficilka kareysiga farsamada, iyo ballaarinta biyaha
Qadar aad u fara badan oo ah moleekul yar oo caano ah ayaa galay gudaha unugyada unugyada, oo ka falceliyay kooxaha hydroxyl ee giraanta unugyada qaabdhismeedka gulukoosta,
Waxay abuurtaa unugyada Alkali, xarunta firfircoon ee fal-celinta qadhaadhka.
Qeybta labaad waa geedi socodka lagu soo dallacayo, taasi waa, falcelinta ka dhexeysa xarunta firfircoon iyo sodium chloroocetate ama 2-chlorothanol xaaladaha alkaline, taasoo dhalisay
Isla mar ahaantaana, wakiilka etherium chloroocetate iyo 2-chlorothanol ayaa sidoo kale soo saari doona heer gaar ah oo biyo ah xaaladaha alkaline ah.
Falcelinta dhinaca ayaa loo xalliyaa si loo soo saaro sodium glycere iyo glycol glycol, siday u kala horreeyaan.
2 Alkali waxay ku urursan tahay Alkali Decorrystallizallizaling Places ee Pinelue
Marka hore, diyaarinta qaar ka mid ah uruurinta Xoh ee biyo la dejiyay. Ka dib, heerkul gaar ah, 2g oo fiber ah
Fiitamiinka ayaa lagu kala diri doonaa mugga qaan gaarka ah ee Nahh, muddo waqti ah, ka dibna lagu sifeeyo isticmaalka.
Soosaaraha Qalabka Qalabka
Sax u ah mitirka ph
Ururinta aruurinta ee kuleylka joogtada ah ee kuleylka joogtaynta magnetic
Foornada qalajinta
Isku dheelitirka elektiroonigga ah
Ku wareejinta nooca biyaha ee loo yaqaan 'Plade'
The Liver Trustorform Spectrometer
Raajo-ga
Resiletic-ka magnetic magnetic ee magdhowga
Hangzhou aolilong aaladda Co., Ltd.
Hangzhou Huichung Qalabka Qalabka Qalabka
Qalabka tijaabada ah ee Shanghai Jinghong Coat., Ltd.
Qalabka 'Mettler Toledo (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
Hangzhou David Sayniska iyo Qalabka Waxbarashada Co., Ltd.
Thermo Fishermo Fisher Comes, Ltd.
American termoreelectric Switzerland Arl Shirkadda ARL
Shirkadda shirkadda Swiss
35
Diyaarinta CMCs
Isticmaalka unugyada alwaaxa ee alkali-ka ee loo yaqaan 'Alkali'
CMC oo leh DS sarreysa ayaa loo diyaariyey iyadoo lagu daro alkali laba jeer oo labanlaab ah. Ku dar 2G oo ka mid ah unugyada alkali alwaax ee alkali-ka ee shahaadada afarta-xinjirta ah, ka dibna ku dar mugga qalliinka ethanol xalka, oo si fiican u walaaq 30min
Ku saabsan, si unugyada alkalin si buuxda loo kala firdhiyo. Ka dibna ku dar xaddi cayiman oo wakiilka alkali ah iyo sodium chlorocetate si aad uga falceliso muddo waqti ah heerkulka qaarkood
Waqti ka dib, oo lagu daro labaad ee wakiilka alkaline iyo sodium chloroacetate oo ay ku xigto xigmad in muddo ah. Kadib fal-celinta ayaa dhammaatay, qabooji oo qabooji, markaa
Ka takhalusidda qaddar ku habboon oo aashitada barafka ah, ka dib nuugista shaandhada, dhaq ama qallaji.
Diyaarinta HECS
Adeegsiga unugyada alwaaxa ah ee alkali-ka ee loo yaqaan 'alkali' ee loo yaqaan 'alkali' pine alkali
HEC oo sareysa MS ayaa diyaar u ah inay ku dartay Albali laba jeer iyo wakiil ka mid ah wakiilka. Ku dar 2g oo ka mid ah unugyada alkali alwaax ee alkali flask-ka afar-xinjirow, oo ku dar mugga gaar ah oo ah 90% (jajabyada mugga) ethanol, walaaq
Walaaq in muddo ah si buuxda loo kala firdhiyo, ka dibna ku dar xaddi cayiman oo alkali ah, oo si tartiib ah u kuleylka, ku dar mugga gaar ah ee 2-
Chloroothanol, oo ah mid heerkulka joogtada ah muddo waqti ah, ka dibna lagu daro soodhiyaha haray ee haray hydroxide iyo 2-chlorothanol si ay u sii wataan xirashada in muddo ah. ula macaamil
Ka dib fal-celinta ayaa la dhammeeyaa, ka takhalusidda xaddi cayiman oo aashitada barafka ah, oo ugu dambeyntii shaandhada shaashadda galaaska (G3), dhaq, oo qalaji.
Diyaarinta HemCC
U adeegsiga HEC ee loo diyaariyey 3.2.3.4 Maaddaama ay tahay shey ceyriin ah, ethanol waa dhexdhexaad, iyo sodium chloroacetate-ka sida wakiilka ethelka ah si loo diyaariyo
Hecmc. Hannaanka gaarka ahi waa: Qaado xaddi cayiman oo HEC ah, ku rid 100 ml afar-feedh ah, ka dibna ku dar qadar cayiman
90% ethanol, farsamo ahaan walaaq muddo ah si aad si buuxda uga dhigto mid si buuxda loo kala firdhiyo, ku dar xaddi badan oo alkali ah ka dib kululaynta, oo si tartiib ah ugu dar
Sodium chloroacetate, xadhkaha heerkulka joogtada ahi wuu dhammaadaa wakhtiga ka dib. Ka dib fal-celinta ayaa la dhammeeyaa, ka takhalusidda aashitada barafka dhalaalaya si looga takhaluso, ka dibna isticmaal shaandhada dhalada (G3)
Ka dib markii qufulka nuujinta, maydhista iyo qalajinta.
Nadiifinta AFSHADA CELINISOSE
Nidaamka diyaarinta ee unugyada unugyada, alaabada qaarkood waxaa badanaa la soosaaraa, badiyaa waxaa la soo saaraa, badiyaa kumbuyuutarka cusbada gudaha sodium iyo qaar kale
cilado. Si loo hagaajiyo tayada unugyada unugyada unugyada unugyada, ether-ka sahlanka sahlan ayaa lagu sameeyay cherther chether la helay. maxaa yeelay waxay ku jiraan biyo
Waxaa jira xaruudo kala duwan, sidaa darteed tijaabadu waxay u isticmaashaa jajabyo mugga ah oo nooc ah oo ah ethadol biyo-saar si loo daahiriyo saddexda keligood ee keligood ah ee keli ah.
isbedel.
Dhig muunad chert ether ah oo loo diyaariyey tayo gaar ah oo ah shaashadda, ku dar xaddi cayiman oo ah 80% ethanol oo lagu sifeeyay 60 ℃ ~ 65 ~ 65 ℃ oo kululaynta heerkulka joogtada ah ee kuleylka 10 ℃. min. Qaado superNat-ka si aad u qalajiso
Beelaha nadiifka ah, u isticmaal hawo-qaad lacag si aad u hubiso ionga chloride. Haddii ay jirto saadaalin cad, lagu shaandheeyo shaandhada galaaska oo si adag u qaado adag
Ku celi talaabooyinka hore ee jirka, ilaa fayl-galka ka dib marka lagu daro 1 dhibic oo ah 1 dhibic xalka ah ee xalka ah, taasi waa, in lagu nadiifiyo iyo maydhashada.
36
galay (badiyaa si looga saaro falcelinta by-wax soo saarka nacl). Ka dib markii qufulka nuujinta, qalajinta, qaboojinta heerkulka qolka iyo miisaanka.
cuf, g.
Imtixaan iyo hababka astaamaha ee loogu talagalay anshaxa unugyada
Go'aaminta heerka beddelka (DS) iyo darajada ugu dambeeya ee beddelka (MS)
Go'aaminta DS: Marka hore, culeyskiisu yahay 0.2 g (sax u ah 0.1 mg) ee muunadda unugyada jilicsan oo la qalajiyey, kala diri kara
80ml oo biyo ah, oo ku kiciyay qubeys biyo joogto ah oo heerkulka ah 30 ℃ ~ 40 ℃ 10min. Ka dib ku hagaaji xalka aashitada ee sulfuric acid ama xalka nah
pH ee xalka illaa xalka xalka uu yahay 8. Ka dib weelka ku qalabaysan oo ku qalabeysan electrode ph mitirka ah, isticmaal xalka caadiga ah ee aashitada sulfuric acid
In lagu hayo, hoos imaada xaaladaha kareyda, fiirso akhrinta mitirka ee PH mitirka inta aad dareento, marka qiimaha pH ee xalka lagu hagaajiyo 3.74,
Dakhliga ayaa dhammaanaya. Xusuusnow mugga xalka Sulluric acid ee loo isticmaalo waqtigan.
Jiil:
Isugeynta lambarrada sare ee borotada iyo kooxda hydroxytytyl
Saamiga tirada bogagga sare; I7 waa cufnaanta kooxda methylenele group-ka kooxda hydroxytytyl
Xoojinta proton-ka uumiga ugu sarreeya; waa xoogga borotada ee proton-ka ugu sarreeya ee ugu sarreeya ee 5 methine iyo mid ka mid ah kooxda methylenene-ka ee unugyada gulukooska gulukoosta
Wadarta.
Qaababka tijaabada ee lagu tilmaamay tijaabada astaamaha lagu yaqaan ee ah ee saddexda ka mid ah ee keli ah ee kahadalka ka ah ee CMC, HEC iyo Heecmc
Sharci
3.2.4.3 Imtixaanka XRD
Imtixaanka fallaadha Raadinta Raajada ee 'Raajada' ee Cilmiga Astaamaha ee Saddexda Qodobka ee Qarsoodiga ah ee CMC, HEC iyo Heecmc
habka tijaabada ee lagu sharaxay.
3.2.4.4 Tijaabada H-NMR
HMR Muuqashada HEC waxaa lagu cabiray Avence400 H NMR Muuqaal Muuqaal ah oo ay soo saartay Bruker.
U adeegsiga Sultetyl Sultfy Sulfydes sida dareeraha, xalka waxaa lagu tijaabiyay dareeraha dareeraha ah hydrogen nmr spectoscopy. Soo noqnoqoshada imtixaanka waxay ahayd 75.5MHZ.
Diirimaad, xalka waa 0.5ML.
3.3 Natiijooyinka iyo Falanqaynta
3.3.1 Kordhinta Nidaamka Diyaarinta CMC
Adigoo adeegsanaya unugyada unugyada ee loo yaqaan 'pinelusise' ayaa laga soo saaray cutubka labaad inuu yahay sheyga ceyriinka ah, iyo adeegsiga sodium chloroacetate sida wakiilka ethelka ah, habka tijaabada hal qodobka ah ee la soo saaray,
Hannaanka diyaarinta ee CMC ayaa la wajahay, oo doorsoomayaasha bilowga ah ee tijaabada ayaa loo dejiyey sida lagu muujiyey jadwalka 3.3. Waxyaabaha soo socdaa waa hannaanka diyaarinta ee HEC
Farshaxanka, falanqaynta arrimo kala duwan.
Shaxda 3.3 Qiyamka Arrinta Bilowga ah
Qiimaha bilowga ah ee ugu horreeya
Ka-hortagga heerkulka loo yaqaan 'alactiont' / ℃ 40
Ka-hortagga waqtiga loo yaqaan 'alallizing' / H 1
Ka-hortagga saamiga dareeraha adag / (g / ml) 1:25
Jecelyo Line uruurinta /% 40
38
Heerkulka ugu horreeya ee heerkulka xiisaha / ℃ 45
Waqtiga koowaad ee xiisaha / H 1
Heerkulka heerka labaad ee Heerka / ℃ 70
Marxaladda labaad ee xiisaha / H 1
Qiyaasta salka ku jirta marxaladda qaddarinta / g 2
Tirada wakiilka etherised marxaladda qaddarinta / G 4.3
Saamiga dareeraha ee adag ee la soo dhaafay / (G / ML) 1:15
3.3.1.1 Saamaynta arrimo kala duwan oo ku saabsan shahaadada CMC Beddelka CMC ee Marxaladda Alkalization
1. Saamaynta heerkulka loo yaqaan 'decitionsment fromtration' ee heerka heerka lagu beddelo ee cmc
Si loo tixgeliyo saameynta heerkulka loo--dambaysta ee la-dagaallanka ah ee ku saabsan heerka beddelka ee laga helo CMC, haddii ay dhacdo hagaajinta qodobbada kale,
Shuruudaha hoostiisa, saamaynta heerkulka loo yaqaan 'ackingment' ee heerka heerkulka loo yaqaan 'CMC Beddelka' waa laga wada hadlay, natiijooyinkana waxaa lagu muujiyey Jaantuska.
Ka-hortagga heerkulka loo yaqaan 'Alkelizing' / ℃
Saamaynta ka-hortagga Heerkulka Alkaalizing Heerkulka ee shahaadada CMC Beddelka
Waxaa la arki karaa in heerka beddelka ah ee CMC uu kordho kororka heerkulka aqalka ee dib-u-dhiska, iyo heerkulka alantalution-ka waa 30 ° C.
Shahaadooyinka kor ku xusan ee beddelka ayaa hoos u dhigeysa kuleylka kordha. Tani waa sababta oo ah heerkulka aan caadiga ahayn waa mid aad u hooseeya, oo moleekuluguna firfircoon yahay oo aan awoodin
Si wax ku ool ah u burburi aagga Currystalline ee cellulose, oo ku adkaata wakiilka etherstecuse, kaas oo ka dhigaya wakiilka ethelka ah inuu galo gudaha gudaha ee unugyada unugyada, iyo heerka falcelinta ay aad u sarreeyaan.
Hoose, taasoo dhalisay in qayb hoose oo beddelka badeecada ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, heerkulka alantalization waa inuusan noqon mid aad u sarreeya. Maaddaama heerkulku kordhayo, iyada oo ku hoos taal ficilka heerkulka sare iyo alkali xoog leh,
Cellulose wuxuu u nugul yahay nabaad-guurka digida, iyo heerka badalka badeecada CMC oo yaraata.
2. Saamaynta ka-hortagga 'pretralinment' ee loo yaqaan 'Alkalinment' ee shahaadada CMC Beddelka CMC
Xaaladda heerkulka loo yaqaan 'Partterldment' ee 'lintalution-ka' waa 30 ° C iyo qodobbada kale waa qiyamka bilowga ah, saamaynta waqtiga loo yaqaan 'Partralization' ee CMC laga wada hadlo.
Saamaynta beddelka. Heerka beddelka
Ka-hortagga waqtiga loo yaqaan 'alallizing' / h
Saamaynta dib-u-dhiminta waqtiga loo yaqaan 'alulalinment'Cmcshahaadada shahaadada
Geedi socodka bulshaarka laftiisa waa mid dhakhso badan, laakiin xalka alkali wuxuu ubaahan yahay waqti gaar ah oo kala-goys ah oo ku jirta fiberka.
Waxaa la arki karaa in marka waqtiga loo yaqaan 'availutions' ay tahay 0.5-1.5h, heerka heerka shaashadda ee sheyga ay ku kordhayaan kordhinta waqtiga alantalization.
Heerka wax ka beddelka sheyga la helay ayaa ahaa kii ugu sarreeya markii ay ahayd waqtiga 1.5h, iyo heerka beddelka uu hoos u dhigay waqtiga ka dib 1.5h. Tani waxay sameyn kartaa
Waxay noqon kartaa sababta oo ah bilowga alantalization, oo ay ku dheehan tahay waqtiga alantalization, soo-gelidda alkali ee unugyada unugyada ayaa ku filan, sidaa darteed fiber
Qaab dhismeedka guud waa mid deggan, oo kordhinaya wakiilka etherka ah iyo midka dhexdhexaadka ah
Waqtiga Post: apr-26-2024