1. Intshayelelo
I-China iphakamise udaka oluxubeneyo olugqibeleleyo ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20. Ingakumbi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amasebe orhulumente afanelekileyo kazwelonke aqokele ukubaluleka kokuphuhliswa kodaka oluxubeneyo kunye nokukhutshwa imigaqo-nkqubo. Okwangoku, kukho amaphondo angaphezu kwe-10 kunye noomasipala kweli lizwe asebenzise udaka oluxubeneyo. Ngaphezulu kwe-60%, kukho ngaphezulu kwamashishini angqinayo angama-800 alandelayo alandelayo, alungeleleneyo amashishini aqhelekileyo, kunye nolwazi lonyaka lokuyila olungama-274 eetoni. Ngo-2021, imveliso yonyaka yodaka elixubeneyo elixubeneyo yayiyi-62.02 yezigidi zeetoni.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha, udaka luhlala luphulukana namanzi amaninzi kwaye alunaxesha laneleyo kunye namanzi kwi-hydrate, kukhokelela kumandla aneleyo kunye nokuqhekeka kwesamente emva kokuqina. I-Teluplose Ether yi-polymer eqhelekileyo yomxholo kwi-probymer oxutywe ngobuqhetseba. Inemisebenzi yokugcinwa kwamanzi, ukubuyela umva, ukubuyiselwa kunye nokufakwa komoya, kwaye kunokuphucula ukwenziwa kodaka.
Ukwenzela ukuba udaka luhlangabezana neemfuno zothutho kwaye usombulule iingxaki zokuqhekeza kunye namandla aphantsi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukongeza i-tarsese ekrheleni. Eli nqaku lazisa ngokufutshane iimpawu ze-seluplose i-ether kunye nefuthe layo ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezisekwe kwisamente, ngethemba lokunceda ukusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene nobugcisa.
Intshayelelo kwi-seluplose Ether
I-Seley Sether (isellulose Ether) yenziwa kwi-sellulose kwi-etheristic kwindlela enye okanye engaphezulu ye-ESET kunye ne-ERESS ENYE kunye nokugaya esomileyo.
2.1 Ukuhlelwa kwe-Selese
Ngokwesakhiwo sekhemikhali semichiza e-ether, i-seluplose edade inokwahlulwa ibe yi-ANAION, CIATIC kunye nooManu base-Anicane. I-Ionic seluplose ebhutsa kubandakanya i-carboxymethyl setherlose ether (CMC); I-Ionic selsulose e-Ionsulose e-Enserrase ye-methyl sether sether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl ye-methyl sether sether (i-HPMC) kunye ne-HCDROXYETYL (HC) njalo njalo. I-Ionic engengomahlu-hlulwa yangaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nee-oni zeoyile. I-Ionic enyibiliki ye-ionic emanzini ikakhulu isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimveliso zodaka. Phambi kwe-calcium ions, ionic seluplose ehafu engazinzanga, ngoko ke ayifane isetyenziswe kwiimveliso zobubele osetyenziswayo ezisebenzisa i-cement, i-lime ye-staid, njl. I-ionic ye-ionic ye-ionic isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokwakha ngenxa yokumiswa kwezizinzo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Ngokutsho kweiarhente zangafani zophuhliso ezikhethiweyo kwi-Ofisi yoHlelo, iiMveliso ze-Ether I-Eethyl Selsulose, Cydroxethl Sellulose, Bestbothyl Selelose, Benzyl Selelosethy Illroxythl seluploseyl seluplose Roxypropyl Methyl Selelose, Benzy Syanothyl Selelose phenyl seluplose.
I-Seleculose en esetyenziswayo kwi-TATYL I-MEETYL STOTE (MC), i-HMCRXYPOPLL ye-Methyl Sethelose (HMC), i-HMMC), i-HMMc), i-HMMC kunye ne-HMC zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
2.2 Iipropathi zeekhemikhali ze-seluplose ether
I-Ether nganye ye-galupelose inesakhiwo esisisiseko seselfowunise-Amhydroglucose. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-Iluplose Ether, iFiser eselfowuni ishushu kuqala kwisisombululo se-alkaline kwaye emva koko sanyangwa ngearhente yokuthetha. Imveliso yokuphendula ye-Fibral yokuphendula ihlanjululwe kwaye inyuswe i-powder efanayo kunye nokutyibilika.
Kwimveliso ye-MC, kuphela i-methyl chloride isetyenziswa njengearhente yokuthetha; Ukongeza kwi-methyl chloride, i-propylene oxide ikwasetyenziselwa ukufumana izinto ze-hydroxypropy kwimveliso ye-HPMC. Iiseli ezahlukeneyo ze-Seleculose eneemitha ezahlukeneyo ze-methyl kunye ne-hydroxypropy ye-hydropyl, echaphazela ubushushu be-organic and of the they studion kunye neqondo lobushushu be-theslulose.
2.3 Iimpawu zokuchitha i-seluplose ether
Iimpawu zokuchitha i-Ether Selersese i-Ether inefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwesamente. I-Seleulose Ether inokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuntywila kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi ngodaka lwesamente, kodwa oku kuxhomekeke kwi-selsulose i-ether ye-seluplose ukuba ichithwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ichithwe ngokupheleleyo emanzini. Ezona zinto ziphambili ezichaphazela ukupheliswa kwe-seluplose i-ethes ye-Ether i-Tointion Ixesha, isantya esitshatileyo kunye nokulunga komgubo.
2.4 Indima yokungqengqa ngodaka lwesamente
Njengesongezelelo esibalulekileyo sesamente etyibilika, utshabalalisa kunefuthe layo kwezi zinto zilandelayo.
(1) Ukuphucula ukusebenza kodaka kwaye kwandise i-viscogosity yodaka.
Ibandakanya i-jet yedangatye ingaluthintela udaka ukuba luhlukane kwaye lufumane umzimba ofanayo kunye ne-iyunifomu. Umzekelo, iminquba ebandakanya i-HMC, i-HPMC, njl njl, ilungele udaka olucekeceke. Ixabiso le-Shear, iqondo lokushisa, ubushushu, ukuwahlulahlula uxinzelelo lwetyuwa.
(2) Inomphumo ongena-moya.
Ngenxa yokungcola, ukungeniswa kwamaqela kumasuntswana anciphisa amandla omphezulu wamasuntswana, kwaye kulula ukwazisa izitali, iyunifomu kunye namasuntswana amahle kwicandelo. "Ukusebenza kwebhola" kuphucula ukusebenza kodaka, kunciphisa umswakama kodaka, kunciphisa ukuqhutywa kwenkolelo kodaka. Iimvavanyo zibonakalisile ukuba xa isixa se-HEMMC kunye ne-HPMC singu-0.5%, umxholo wegesi wodaka yeyona inkulu, malunga ne-55%; Xa isixa semali esiphaphayo singaphezulu kwe-0.5%, umxholo wokutsala ngokuthe ngcembe uye kufikelela kumxholo wegesi njengoko isixa esonyukayo.
(3) Gcina ingatshintshi.
I-wax inokunyibilikisa, yetha kwaye ivuselele eluhlaza, kwaye ilungiselele ukumangalela udaka oluncinci lodaka kunye nomgubo wokufaka phantsi. Akudingi ukuba imanzi kwangaphambili. Emva kokwakha, izinto ezinesamente zinokuba nexesha elide lokuhamba-hamba phambili elunxwemeni ukuphucula ububi phakathi kodaka phakathi kodaka kunye nomhlaba.
Iziphumo zokuguqulwa kwe-selsulose i-ether kwizixhobo ezisekwe kwisamente ikakhulu ziquka ukuqhutywa, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqunjelwa komoya kunye nokubuyiswa. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweSeluplose Telupe Telupes kwizixhobo ezisekwe kwiSamente, ukusebenzisana phakathi kweeseli zeselwase kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe i-slidery ihamba ngokuthe ngcembe.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: I-DEC-16 ukuya ku-2001