Qaphela:
Ishishini lokwakha lidlala indima ephambili ekubumbeni ilizwe lanamhlanje, lesamente yibhloko yesakhiwo esisisiseko. Iminyaka, abaphandi kunye neenjineli ziye zaqhubeka nokukhangela iindlela zokuphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwesamente. I-Auvenue enye ethembisayo ibandakanya ukongezwa kwezicelo zongezwa, zeziphi i-calcium ezenziweyo zibe ngumdlali owaziwayo.
Yazisa:
Isamente yinto ebalulekileyo yokwakha kwaye ifuna ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo ukuze kufezekiswe iimfuno zokutshintsha kweshishini. Ukongezwa kwezicelo zongezwa kungqiniwe ukuba sisicwangciso esisebenzayo sokuphucula imiba eyahlukeneyo yesamente. I-calcium icacisa, i-complate eveliswa yindlela ye-calcium oxide kunye ne-acid ye-acid, itsalele ingqalelo yamandla ayo yokuphucula ubume besamente. Eli nqaku lijolise ekwenzeni iindlela apho i-calcium ichaze ngokufanelekileyo ichaphazela umgangatho wesamente kunye nokusebenza.
I-calcium yenze ipropathi yekhemikhali:
Ngaphambi kokuba uhlale kwiziphumo ze-calcium yothambele kwisamente, kubalulekile ukuba uqonde i-chemistry yale nto yongezwa. I-calcium ye-calcium ingumphangeli omhlophe we-crystalline ngefomula yekhemikhali ye-Chemical CO (HCO) 2. Kukukhanya kwamanzi kwaye kuneepropathi ze-hygroscopic. Ukudityaniswa kwe-calcium kunye nokwakha ii-ion kunika iipropathi ezithile, zenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuphuculwa kwesamente.
Umatshini:
Ukufakwa kwe-calcium yeya kuba ekubeni ngumxube wesamente wazisa ngeendlela ezininzi ezinegalelo kwinkqubo ephuculweyo. Enye indlela enkulu yentloko ibandakanya i-qumedy yesamente ekhawulezileyo. I-calcium yeyathelisa njengeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, ikhuthaza ukumiswa kwee-hydrate ezinje nge-calcicom hydrate (csh) kunye ne-ettririte. Oku kukhawulezisa kukhokelela kwimilinganiselo yokuseta ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwanda kokuphuculwa kwamandla kwangoko.
Ngaphaya koko, i-calcium iquka izenzo njengendawo yenyukliya ye-hydrate yobuqili, echaphazela ubume be-matrix yesamente. Le ndlela yokuguqula iphumela kwi-denser kwaye ilinganise ngakumbi iyuniforte, incedise ekuphuculeni ukuqina kunye nokunciphisa ukuqhutywa.
Ukongeza, i-calcium ithathe inxaxheba kwi-Pozzolac Reaction, apho iqala khona nge-calcium hydroxide ukuba yenze i-cel eyongezelelweyo ye-csh. Le meko ingasabeki kuphela kuphuhliso lwamandla kodwa inciphise umngcipheko wokuyilwa kwe-Ettrierite (def), i-def), i-def), i-deftonon enokuthi ityeshele ukuqina kwexesha elide.
Ukuphuculwa kwesamente:
UPhuhliso lwamaXesha lwaMathuba:
Isakhono se-calcium setha ukukhulula umtsalane we-qumence shrinta iguqulelwe kuphuculo olubalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwamandla lwasemva kwexesha. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zokwakha apho amandla kufuneka afumaneke ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha lokukhawulezisa ixesha elikhuthazwe yi-Calcium linokubangela ukufushelwa kwenkqubo yokwakhiwa okukhawulezileyo kunye nenkqubela ekhawulezileyo yokwakha.
Ukuqina okuphelisiweyo:
I-Calcium yeyam iyongezwa ukutshintsha imeko yesamente, ikhokelela kwinto eyomeleleyo ngakumbi. Ukwanda koxinaniso kunye nokusasazwa ngokufanayo kwee-hydrate ze-hydrate igalelo kukhubathela ukuhlaselwa kweekhemikhali, imijikelezo ekhululekileyo, kunye nokunxiba. Ke ngoko, ubume besamente baphethwe nge-calcium ye-calcium bonisa ubomi obude beenkonzo.
Ukunciphisa ukungqubana:
Enye yezinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuqina kwekhonkrithi kukukhanya kwayo. I-calcium yoyile inciphisa ukungqubana ngokuchaphazela isakhiwo se-matrix yesamente. Ukuqulunqwa kweMatrix ye-Deese enamachaphaza acocekileyo anciphise i-ingeress yamanzi kunye nezinto ezinobundlongondlongo, ngaloo ndlela aphucule ukumelana nekhonkrithi ngenxa yosulwa ngekhonkrithi.
Ukuncitshiswa kweAlkali Silica Rection (ASR):
Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba i-calcium yenzekile inokunciphisa umngcipheko we-alkali -lica impendulo, inkqubo eyingozi enokubangela ukwenziwa kwejeli kunye nokuqhekeza ikhonkrithi. Ngokuchaphazela ubume be-pore kunye nokwenziwa kweekhemikhali kwesamente etyibilika, i-calcium yesanda inceda ukunciphisa amandla omonakalo onxulumene ne-ASR.
Izixhasi zentsebenzo:
Ukuphuculwa koomatshini bokuphuculwa:
Iziphumo ze-calcium zetha i-calting hydration inefuthe elihle ekusebenzeni kwekhonkrithi entsha. Ixesha elikhawulezileyo kunye ne-shinection ye-hydication ye-kinetics inceda ukuphucula iimpawu zokuhamba, ukuqhutywa kokuqhutywa kunye nokuqulunqwa kwekhonkrithi. Oku kuyingenelo ikakhulu apho kunokwenzeka khona ukubethwa kubalulekile.
Ulawulo lobushushu:
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-calcium yesamente kwisamente kunceda ukunciphisa imiphumo yobushushu obukhulu ngexesha lokunyanga. Ukukhawulezisa amaxesha amiselweyo kwi-Calcium ye-calcium kunokukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwamandla kwaye unciphise umngcipheko kwikhonkrithi kwiingxaki ezinxulumene nobushushu njengokuqhekeka kweqondo lobushushu.
Ukuqwalaselwa ngokuzinzileyo:
I-calcium icacisa inepropathi ehlangabezana neenjongo zokuzinza zeshishini lokwakha. I-Pozzolac yayo yePozukoinic iququzelela ukusetyenziswa kwempahla yenkunkuma, kunye nefuthe layo kwindalo eqinileyo kunye nobomi boLongetion inegalelo ekunciphiseni iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene nokutshintsha kunye nokulungisa izakhiwo zabadala.
Imiceli mngeni kunye nokuqwalaselwa:
Ngelixa izibonelelo zokufaka i-calcium ithethwe kwi-Calcium yesamente icacile, kucacile imiceli mngeni kunye nokusikelwa umda. Oku kunokubandakanya iindleko ezonyukayo, ukusebenzisana okunokubakho kunye neminye imixube, kunye nemfuno yolawulo ngononophelo ukunqanda iziphumo ezimbi. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokuqina kwekhonkrithi yeCalcium ye-calcium ethathwe phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo ezigunyazisiweyo zophando ngakumbi zophando.
ukuququmbela:
Ukubandakanya i-calcium yekhethe kwisamente yindlela ethembisayo yokuphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo zokwakha. Ngomatshini onomdla wezinto ezininzi, i-calcium yesakhawulezisa i-hydration, iphucula ubume bezinto ezinqwenelekayo, kubandakanya ukukhula kwamandla, ukuqina okuphuculweyo kunye nokuncitshiswa kwamandla. Njengoko ishishini lokwakha liyaqhubeka ukuvela, indima yongezelelo enjenge-Calcium ye-calcium ye-calcium eqinisekileyo yokukhuphela i-cemescerties inokwenzeka ukuba ibaluleke ngakumbi. Ngaphezulu kophando kunye nezicelo ezisebenzayo ezingathandabuzekiyo azizukuphinda ziveze izinto ezinokubakho ngokupheleleyo kwaye zisebenzisa i-calcium ye-calcium ekwakheni kwizimo zesamente, zisivula indlela yokuqina okuzinzileyo kunye nezinzileyo.
I-POSTAL: I-Dec-05 ukuya ku-523