Ulwazi lwekhemikhali Ingcaciso

I-fiber:

Ifayibha, Kwimeko ye-chemistry kunye nesayensi yezixhobo, ibhekisa kwiklasi yezixhobo ezibonakaliswayo ngobume babo obude, obunje ngentambo. Ezi zixhobo zenziwa nge-polymers, ezizeziimolekyuli ezinkulu ezenziwe kwiindawo eziphindaphindwayo ezibizwa ngokuba zi-monomers. Iintsinga zinokuba zemvelo okanye zokwenziwa, kwaye zifumana ukusebenzisa ububanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo kubandakanya iimbaleki, iindidi, kunye ne-biodicine.

Iintsinga zendalo zithathwe kwizityalo, izilwanyana, okanye izimbiwa. Imizekelo iquka ikotoni, uboya, isilika, kunye ne-Asbestos. Iintsinga zokwenziwa, kwelinye icala, zenziwa kwiikhemikhali ngeendlela ezisebenzisa iinkqubo ezinjenge-polymerization. I-NYLOLO, i-polyester, kunye ne-acrylic yimizekelo eqhelekileyo ye-fibers yezokwenziwa.

Kwindawo yokufumana i-chemistry, igama elithi "i-fiber" libhekisa kwinkalo yezakhiwo endaweni yokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali. Iintsinga zibonakaliswa ngumyinge wezinto zabo eziphakamileyo, okuthethayo zinde kakhulu kunokuba zibanzi. Esi sakhiwo senziwe sixineneyo sidlulisela iipropathi ezinje ngamandla, kunye nokuqina kwimpahla, ukwenza amafutha abalulekileyo kwizicelo ezisusela kwimpahla yokuqinisa kwizinto ezihlanganisiweyo.

Iseli:

IselluloseNgaba i-polysaccharide, eluhlobo lwe-carbohydrate enemixokelelwane emide yeemolekyuli zeswekile. Yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ye-polymer eninzi emhlabeni kwaye isebenza njengecandelo lezakhiwo kwiindonga zeseli. I-chemic, seluplose iqulathe iiyunithi eziphindaphindayo zeglucose ezidityaniswe kunye β-1,4-Glycosidic Bonds.

Ubume be-seluplose bunamafutha kakhulu, kunye neemolekyuli zesellulose ezilungisa kwii-microfibrils ezikhawulezayo ukwenza izakhiwo ezinkulu ezinjengeentsinga. Ezi fibers zibonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo kwiiseli ezityalo, zibanika ubungqola namandla. Ukongeza kwindima yayo kwizityalo, isellulose ikwayinxalenye ephambili yefibre efumaneka kwiziqhamo, imifuno, kunye neengqolowa. Abantu baswele imilo efunekayo ukuze baphule i-seluplose, ngoko ke idlula kwinkqubo yokugaya i-Gict, inzale ekwenzeni ukugaya kunye nokukhuthaza impilo yentsimbi.

I-SellUlose inesicelo esininzi semizi-mveliso ngenxa yentabalala, ukuvuselelwa, kunye neepropathi ezinqwenelekayo ezinjengokungaphezulu kwe-biodeodiance, i-biomatise, kunye namandla. Iqhelekile isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwephepha, izinto eziluncedo, izinto zokwakha, kunye ne-biofuels.

I-seluplose ether:

I-seluploseliqela lemichiza yemichiza ethathwe kwi-seluplose ngokuguqula iikhemikhali. Olu hlengahlengiso lubandakanya ukungeniswa kwamaqela asebenzayo, anjenge-hydroxyythl, i-hydroxyypropyl, okanye i-carboxymethyl, kwi-sellybose i-selbone. Isiphumo seSelecelose e-Telulose ebhutyuli egcina ezinye zeempawu zesellose ngelixa ubonakalisa iipropathi ezintsha ezinikezelwa ngamaqela asebenza.

Omnye womahluko ophambili phakathi kwetywina kunye ne-seluplose ehafu kulele kwipropathi yabo yezolimo. Ngelixa i-seluplose i-insullen emanzini kwaye uninzi lwezinyibilikiselwano ze-organic, i-seluplose ehafu zihlala zinyibilikisi okanye zibonise ukwenziwa kokuphucula amandla okuphucula izinyibilikisi. Oku kulambana kwenza ukuba i-sleulose i-staists ezahlukeneyo zoluhlu lwezicelo ezinoluhlu lwezicelo kumashishini anjengamayeza, ukutya, kunye nolwakhiwo.

Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ye-SelesUlilose e-Seletyl Selelose (MC), i-HYDROXYPOPLL yeSelsulose ye-Selelose (HPC), kunye neCarboxymethyl (CMC). Ezi zinto zisetyenziswa njengamanzi amakhulu, iibhasi, ukuzinza, kunye neearhente zokwenza ifilimu kwiifom ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-CMC isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimveliso zokutya njenge-arhente yokuthambisa kunye ne-eulsifier, ngelixa i-HPC iqeshwa kwifomu yamayeza ukulungiselela ukukhululwa kwamachiza.

Ifayibha ibhekisa kwizixhobo kunye ne-curlores, i-seluplose yi-polymer yendalo efumaneka kwiindonga zeseli ezityalo, kwaye isellulose e-supevied supeclives. Ngelixa i-selulose ibonelela ngenkqubo yokwakhiwa kwezityalo kwaye isebenza njengomthombo weFirer, isellulose eude iphucule isono ye-soling kwaye ifumane ukusetyenziswa kumashishini ongezelelweyo.