I-Selersese Ether
I-Telupelose Ether ligama eliqhelekileyo kuthotho lweemveliso eziveliswa yimpendulo ye-alkali selutase kunye nearhente yokukhuthaza phantsi kweemeko ezithile. I-Alkali Selelose ithathelwa indawo yi-Arhente eyahlukileyo yokufumana ii-seluplose ezahlukeneyo. Ngokweempawu ze-ionition zezinto ezizithobe, ii-seluplose iiricking zinokwahlulwa zangamacandelo amabini: Ionic (i-Ionic (efana ne-carboxymethyl sellyulose) kunye ne-methyl sellyulose). Ngokohlobo oluthathekileyo, i-seluplose ether inokwahlulwa ibe yi-monoether (njenge-methyl selsulose) kunye ne-ether exutywe (njenge-hydroxypropy). Ngokutsho komoya owahlukileyo, inokwahlulwa ukuba inyibilikiswe ngamanzi (enje nge-hydroxyythl seluplose) kunye ne-organct ye-orgalove (njenge-ithlulose), njl njl. Yahlulahlulwe yanguhlobo lwethutyana kunye nohlobo lokuphatha komhlaba oluzide lubambelele.
Indlela yesenzo sesenzo se-selsulose ekrwele i-tellase kuburharha yile ilandelayo:
. Amasuntswana kunye nomaleko wefilimu etyumkileyo yenziwa kumphezulu wayo ongaphezulu, owenza inkqubo yodaka uzinzile, kwaye uphucule udaka lodaka ngexesha lokuxuba kunye nokugungqa kolwakhiwo.
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1. Methylcelculose (MC)
Emva kokuba ikotoni ecocekileyo iphathwa ngeAlkali, i-Selesese i-Ersulose iveliswa ngothotho lwe-methane hloride njengearhente ye-e-hloride njengearhente ye-e-hloride njenge-arhente yokwenyama. Ngokubanzi, inqanaba lokufakwa endaweni le-1.6 ~ 2.0, kwaye i-solinoing nayo yahlukile ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okufaka endaweni. Yeyokutshekisha i-enic sete
. Isisombululo se-ACTEAFOOF sizinzile kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-pH = 3 ~ 12. Ihambelana ngokuchanekileyo nesitatshi, i-Gum Gum, njl. Njl. Xa iqondo lobushushu lifikelela kubushushu bendawo, ukumela.
. Ngokubanzi, ukuba isixa esongezelelekileyo sikhulu, ukulunga kuncinci, kwaye i-vickosity inkulu, inqanaba lokugcina amanzi liphezulu. Phakathi kwazo, isixa-mali songezelelo sinefuthe elikhulu kwiqondo lokugcina amanzi, kwaye inqanaba le-viscofity alikho ngqo kwinqanaba leqondo lokugcina amanzi. Inqanaba lokuchithwa ikakhulu lixhomekeke kwinqanaba lokutshintsha komphezulu wesuntswana kunye nobumdaka obuchaphazelekayo. Phakathi kwezi zinto zingentla kwe-Sethes, iMethyl Selelose kunye neHydroxypropyl Methyl Selelose anemilinganiselo ephezulu yokugcina amanzi.
(3) Utshintsho kubushushu luya kuchaphazela kakubi inqanaba lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-methyl seluplose. Ngokubanzi, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, okuphezulu kokugcina amanzi. Ukuba ubushushu obuphango bungaphezulu kwe-40 ° C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl seluplose kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kuchaphazele kakhulu ukwakhiwa kodaka.
(4) I-Methyl Selelose inefuthe elibonakalayo kulwakhiwo kunye nokubulala. I "Dehlosion" apha zibhekisa kumandla okunetha ezibonakala ziphakathi kwesixhobo somsebenzi wesicelo kunye nodonga, oko kukuthi, ukumelana nodaka. Ukuthambelela kuphezulu, ukumelana nodaka kubukhulu, kwaye amandla afunwa ngabasebenzi kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa inkulu, kwaye ukusebenza kodaka akunamsebenzi. I-Methyl Seledion ikwinqanaba eliphakathi kwimveliso ye-etelulose etele.
I-2. I-HydroxypropyTolmethylcelcelcelcelose (HPMC)
I-HydroxyPOpyl Methylcelcelgalose yintlobo ngeentlobo zeselfowuni kwaye isetyenziselwe ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Yinto engeyiyo i-ionic ye-ionic ye-iether exutywe ye-ethet ye-cotton ehlaziyiweyo emva kokuqiniseka, usebenzisa i-propylene oxide kunye ne-methyl chloride njengearhente yokuphendula, ngokuphendula. Inqanaba lokufakwa endaweni yi-1.2 ~ 2.0. Iipropathi zayo zahlukile ngenxa yemilinganiselo eyahlukileyo yemixholo ye-APENGSYL kunye nomxholo we-hydroxypropy.
. Kodwa iqondo lokuhlaselwa layo lokuhlaselwa kwamanzi ashushu liphezulu kakhulu kune-methyl seluplose. Ukunyibilisela emanzini abandayo kuyaphuculwa kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neMethyl Selelose.
. Ubushushu buchaphazela i-viscofity yayo, njengoko amaqondo obushushu ayanda, i-viscosity ihla. Nangona kunjalo, i-viscosity yayo ephezulu inamaqondo obushushu asezantsi kune-methyl seluplose. Isisombululo sayo sizinzile xa sigcinwe kubushushu begumbi.
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. I-Caustic Soda kunye namanzi e-lime anempembelelo encinci ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa uAlkali unokukhawulezisa ukupheliswa kwayo kwaye kwandise i-viscofity yayo. I-HydroxyPOpyl Methylcelcelcelose iZinzile kwi-SECTs eqhelekileyo, kodwa xa uxinzelelo lwesona sityibilili liphezulu, i-viscosity ye-hydroxypropyl methylcelses isisombululo sithanda ukunyuka kwesisombululo.
. Ezinjenge-polyvinyl utywala, i-starch ether, i-gum yemifuno, njl.
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I-3. I-Hydroxythl seluplose (hec)
Yenziwe kwiCotton ehlaziyiweyo ephathwe ngeAlkali, kwaye yasabela kwi-Ethylene oxide njengearhente ye-ether phambi kwe-acetone. Inqanaba lokufakwa endaweni yi-1.5 ~ 2.0. Une-hydrophility eqinileyo kwaye kulula ukuyifumana ukufuma
. Isisombululo sayo sizinzile kubushushu obuphakamileyo ngaphandle kweGelling. Ingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide phantsi kobushushu obuphakathi kudaka, kodwa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwawo kusezantsi kune-methyl sellyulose.
. I-Alkali inokukhawulezisa ukuchitheka kwayo kwaye yonyusa kancinci. Ukusasazeka kwawo ngamanzi kubi kakhulu kune-methyl seluplose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl sethyulose. .
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I-4. I-Carboxymethyl Selelose (CMC)
I-Ionic Seleulose Ether yenziwa kwi-fibers yendalo (ikotoni, njl njl. Inqanaba lokufakwa endaweni yi-0.4 ~ 1.4, kwaye intsebenzo yayo ichaphazeleka kakhulu ngumgangatho wokufaka endaweni.
(1) Ibhokisi ye-carboxymethyl seluprose ye-hygroscopic, kwaye iya kuba namanzi amaninzi xa igcinwe phantsi kweemeko ngokubanzi.
. Xa iqondo lobushushu lingaphezulu kwe-50 ° C, i-viscosity ayinakuphikwa.
(3) Uzinzo lwayo luchaphazeleka kakhulu yiPH. Ngokubanzi, inokusetyenziswa ngodaka olusekwe kwiGyppum, kodwa hayi kudaka lwesamente. Xa i-alkaline kakhulu, ilahleka.
(4) Ukugcinwa kwawo amanzi kusezantsi kune-methyl selluplose. Inefuthe lokubuyisa kwi-gyppum-esekwe ngodaka kwaye inciphise amandla ayo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lebhokisi yebhokisi ye-carboxymethyl isezantsi kakhulu kune-methyl seluplose.
I-Relly Prolymer Prolymer Prober
Ipowber yerabha yerabha iqhutywa ngokutshiswa kwe-preymer emulsion. Kwinkqubo yokuqhubela phambili, ukukhusela i-colloid, iarhente ye-anti-canking, njl njl. Umgubo werabha owomileyo ungamasuntswana athile angama-80 ~ 100mm eqokelelene. La masuntswana anyibilikiswa emanzini kwaye enze ukusasazeka okuzinzileyo kukhulu kunamasuntswana okuqala. Oku kusasazeka kuyakwenza ifilimu emva kokupheliswa kwempahla emzimbeni kunye nokomisa. Le fili ifilimu ingenakuphindeka njengoMyili weFilsonion jikelele, kwaye ayiyi kuphinda iphinde iphelele xa idibana namanzi. Ukusasazeka.
Umgubo werabha ephindiweyo unokwahlulwa ukuba: I-Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer, i-Carbonic Acid Copolymer, i-Ethylene-i-Silicone, iVinya ye-Acetate Acetic, iVinya. Different modification measures make the redispersible rubber powder have different properties such as water resistance, alkali resistance, weather resistance and flexibility. Iqulathe i-vinyl laurate kunye ne-silicone, enokwenza umgubo werabha ane-hydrophobicity elungileyo. I-carced ye-vinyl ye-vinyl ephezulu yexabiso le-TG kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo.
Xa ezi ntlobo zeerali zisetyenziswa kodaka, zonke zinefuthe lokulibaziseka ekumiselweni kwesamente, kodwa ukulibazisa kuncinane kuneso sicelo esifanayo. Xa kuthelekiswa, i-styrene-butadiene inesona siphumo sikhulu sokugcina, kunye ne-ethylene-vinyl i-acetate inesiphumo esincinci esincinci. Ukuba idosi incinci kakhulu, isiphumo sokuphucula ukusebenza kodaka akubonakali.
I-polyproplene fibers
I-fiber ye-Polypropylene yenziwa ngePolyproplene njengezixhobo ezingu-Darw kunye nenani elifanelekileyo lesimo sengqondo. I-fiber i-fiberter ngokubanzi imalunga ne-Microns ezingama-40, amandla e-thensile yi-300 ~ 400MPA, imodyuli ye-elastic yi-≥3500PA, kunye ne-Elongpa, kunye neyona ndlela iphakamileyo ye-15 ~ 18%. Iimpawu zayo zomsebenzi:
. Ukuba i-1 kg ye-fiber ye-polyproplene yongezwa kwitoni nganye yodaka, ngaphezu kwe-30 yezigidi zeentsinga ezinokufunyanwa.
. Ingaba ezi fucks zibonakalayo okanye azibonakali. Kwaye inokunciphisa kakhulu iwopha iphela kunye nokuhlawulwa kwe-agegregregreyitha yodaka olutsha.
. Oko kukuthi, xa umzimba wodaka uvelisa uxinzelelo ngenxa yengxwabangqwa, inokumelana nokudlulisela uxinzelelo. Xa umzimba ogungqelekayo uvutha umzimba, unokukuphepha uxinzelelo uxinzelelo kwincam yeqhekeza kwaye uthintele ukwanda kwe-rack.
. Izixhobo zokudibanisa, uhlobo lwefayibha kunye ne-dosage, i-racious kunye neeparamitha zenkqubo ziya kuba zibaluleke kakhulu ezichaphazela ukusasazeka.
Iarhente yokungena komoya
I-Arhente yokungena komoya luhlobo lwe-surfacnt enokwenza amaqamza omoya ozinzileyo kwikhonkrithi entsha okanye ngodaka ngeendlela zomzimba. Ikakhulu kubandakanya: iRosin kunye neePolymers zayo, i-ionic ye-Ionic, i-Alkylbnzene Sulfonates, ii-lignosulupuls, i-carboxylic acids kunye neetyuwa zazo, njl.
Iiarhente zokungena komoya zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela ukhula kunye nokufa komhlaba. Ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-arhente yokungena komoya, ezinye iinguqu kwendlela yokusebenza ziya kuziswa.
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. Ukuba iarhente yokungena komoya kunye nearhente yokunciphisa amanzi zisetyenziswa kunye, kwaye umyinge kufanelekile, ixabiso lamandla aliyi kuncipha.
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Kuba isixa searhente yokungena komoya yongezwe incinci kakhulu, i-accounting kuphela i-accounting kwiinkulungwane ezilishumi zezinto zonke zesamente, kufuneka iqinisekiswe ukuba ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ixutywe ngexesha lokuveliswa kodaka; Izinto ezifana neendlela ezivuselelayo kunye nexesha elitshatileyo ziya kuchaphazela kakhulu inani lokungena komoya. Ke ngoko, phantsi kwemveliso yemveliso yalapha ekhaya kunye neemeko zokwakha, ukongeza iiarhente zokungena ngomoya kwi-purdord kufuna umsebenzi oninzi wokuvavanywa.
iarhente yamandla yokuqala
Isetyenziselwa ukuphucula amandla okuqala kwikhonkrithi kunye nodaka, iiarhente zamandla ezenziwa kwangaphambili zisetyenziswa, ikakhulu zibandakanya i-sodium sulfate, i-sodium ye-ildium ye-Alumnum i-Alumnum ye-Alumnum ye-Alumnum i-Alumnum i-Alumnum ye-Alumnum i-Aluminum ye-Alumnum.
Ngokubanzi, i-onhydraund ye-oddround isetyenziswe ngokubanzi, kwaye idosi yayo iphantsi kwaye isiphumo samandla angaphambili, kodwa ukuba umthamo mkhulu kakhulu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ialkali ibuya ziya kwenzeka, eziya kuthi zichaphazele imbonakalo kunye nefuthe lomemo wokuhombisa umphezulu.
I-Calcium ye-calcium ikwayiarhente elungileyo ye-antifreeze. Inamandla amahle kwangethuba, iziphumo ezingalindelekanga ezingasesikweni, ukuhambelana ngokuchanekileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezimiselweyo, kwaye uninzi lweepropathi zingcono kune-Arhente yamandla okuqala, kodwa ixabiso liphezulu.
i-antifreeze
Ukuba udaka lusetyenziswa kubushushu obuthile, ukuba akukho manyathelo i-antisvorzetion, umonakalo weqanda uya kwenzeka kunye namandla omzimba onzima uya kutshatyalaliswa. I-Antifreeze ithintela umonakalo wokukhulula ukusuka kwiindlela ezimbini zokuthintela ukukhulula nokuphucula amandla okuqala kodaka.
Phakathi kweearhente eziqhelekileyo ze-antifreeze, i-calcium nitrite kunye ne-sodium niitte ineziphumo ezilungileyo ze-antifreeze. Kuba i-calcium ndrite ayiqulatha i-potassium kunye nee-IOdium ze-IOdium kunye ne-sodium, inokunciphisa ukuvela kwe-Alkali Aggregate xa isetyenziswe kwikhonkrithi, kodwa i-Sodium ihlwempuzeke kakhulu. I-Antifowze isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo ne-arhente yamandla kunye namanzi amanzi ukufumana iziphumo ezanelisayo. Xa udaka oluxubeneyo oluxubeneyo lusetyenziswa kwiqondo lobushushu e-Ultra elingalunganga, ubushushu bomxube kufuneka bunyuswe ngokufanelekileyo, njengokuxuba ngamanzi ashushu.
Ukuba inani le-antiformeze liphezulu kakhulu, liya kunciphisa amandla odaka kwinqanaba kamva, kwaye umphezulu onodaka olulukhuni uza kuba neengxaki ezinjengeAlkali, eziza kuchaphazela imbonakalo ye-alkali .
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJAN-16 ukuya ku-2023