1.IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)i-ether ye-cellulose ebalulekileyo, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulwakhiwo, amayeza, ukutya, izimonyo kunye nezinye iinkalo. I-HPMC inokuqina okuhle, ukwenza ifilim, i-emulsifying, ukunqunyanyiswa kunye neempawu zokugcina amanzi, ngoko ke idlala indima ephambili kumashishini amaninzi. Imveliso ye-HPMC ixhomekeke ikakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuhambela phambili kwe-biotechnology, iindlela zokuvelisa ezisekelwe kwi-microbial fermentation nazo ziqalisile ukutsala umdla.
2. Umgaqo-nkqubo wemveliso ye-HPMC
Inkqubo yemveli yemveliso ye-HPMC isebenzisa i-cellulose yendalo njengento ekrwada kwaye iveliswa ngeendlela zeekhemikhali ezifana ne-alkalization, i-etherification kunye nokucokisa. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ibandakanya isixa esikhulu se-solvents eziphilayo kunye ne-reagents yeekhemikhali, enempembelelo enkulu kwindalo. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-microbial fermentation ukudibanisa i-cellulose kunye nokuqhubekela phambili kwi-etherify ibe yindlela yokuvelisa ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nezinzileyo.
I-Microbial synthesis ye-cellulose (BC) ibe ngumxholo oshushu kwiminyaka yamuva nje. Iintsholongwane eziquka iKomagataeibacter (ezifana neKomagataeibacter xylinus) kunye neGluconacetobacter zinokudibanisa ngqo i-high-purity cellulose ngokuvubela. Ezi bhaktheriya zisebenzisa i-glucose, i-glycerol okanye enye imithombo ye-carbon njenge-substrates, i-ferment phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, kwaye ifihla i-cellulose nanofibers. I-cellulose yebhaktiriya esiphumo inokuguqulwa ibe yi-HPMC emva kwe-hydroxypropyl kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-methylation.
3. Inkqubo yokuvelisa
3.1 Inkqubo yokuvutshelwa kwe-cellulose yebhaktiriya
Ukwenziwa ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo yokuvubela kubalulekile ekuphuculeni isivuno kunye nomgangatho webhaktiriya cellulose. Amanyathelo aphambili ngala alandelayo:
Ukuhlolwa koxinzelelo kunye nokulinywa: Khetha iintlobo ze-cellulose ezinesivuno esiphezulu, ezifana ne-Komagataeibacter xylinus, ukuze zenziwe ekhaya kunye nokwandisa.
medium Fermentation: Ukubonelela ngemithombo carbon (iswekile, sucrose, xylose), imithombo nitrogen (igwele isicatshulwa, peptone), iityuwa inorganic (iphosphates, iityuwa magnesium, njl) kunye nabalawuli (acetic acid, citric acid) ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwebhaktheriya kunye ne-cellulose synthesis.
Ukulawulwa kwemeko yokuvutshelwa: kubandakanywa ukushisa (28-30 ℃), i-pH (4.5-6.0), inqanaba le-oksijini elinyibilikileyo (inkcubeko eshukumisayo okanye esisigxina), njl.
Ukuqokelela kunye nokuhlanjululwa: Emva kokuvutshelwa, i-cellulose yebhaktheriya iqokelelwa ngokucoca, ukuhlamba, ukumisa kunye namanye amanyathelo, kunye neebhaktheriya eziseleyo kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo zisusiwe.
3.2 Ukuguqulwa kwe-Hydroxypropyl methylation ye-cellulose
Iselulosi yebhaktiriya efunyenweyo kufuneka iguqulwe ngokwekhemikhali ukuze inike iimpawu ze-HPMC. Amanyathelo aphambili ngala alandelayo:
Unyango lwe-alkalinisation: gcoba kwisixa esifanelekileyo sesisombululo se-NaOH sokwandisa ikhonkco le-cellulose kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi wokusabela we-etherification elandelayo.
Ukusabela kwe-Etherification: phantsi kobushushu obuthile kunye neemeko ze-catalytic, yongeza i-propylene oxide (i-hydroxypropylation) kunye ne-methyl chloride (i-methylation) ukutshintsha i-cellulose hydroxyl iqela ukwenza i-HPMC.
I-Neutralization kunye nokucocwa: nciphisa nge-asidi emva kokuphendula ukususa ii-reagents zekhemikhali ezingaphendulwanga, kwaye ufumane imveliso yokugqibela ngokuhlamba, ukuhluza kunye nokomisa.
Ukutyumza kunye nokuhlelwa: tyumza i-HPMC ibe ngamasuntswana adibanayo neenkcukacha, kwaye ukhuse kwaye upakishe ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-viscosity.
4. Iiteknoloji eziphambili kunye nezicwangciso zokuphucula
Ukuphuculwa koxinzelelo: ukuphucula isivuno se-cellulose kunye nomgangatho ngokusebenzisa ubunjineli bezofuzo ze-microbial strains.
Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo ye-fermentation: sebenzisa i-bioreactors yokulawula okuguquguqukayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso ye-cellulose.
Inkqubo ye-etherification eluhlaza: ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinyibilikisi eziphilayo kunye nokuphuhlisa itekhnoloji ye-etherification ehambelana nokusingqongileyo, efana nokuguqulwa kwe-enzyme catalytic.
Ukulawulwa komgangatho wemveliso: ngokuhlalutya idigri yokutshintsha, ukunyibilika, i-viscosity kunye nezinye izikhombisi ze-HPMC, qinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana neemfuno zesicelo.
I-fermentation-basedHPMCindlela yokuvelisa ineenzuzo zokuhlaziywa, ukulungeleka kokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, okuhambelana nomkhwa we-chemistry eluhlaza kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngokuqhubela phambili kwe-biotechnology, le teknoloji kulindeleke ukuba ithathe indawo yeendlela zekhemikhali zemveli kwaye ikhuthaze ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwe-HPMC kwimimandla yokwakha, ukutya, amayeza, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-11-2025