Ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)yipolymer enyibilikayo emanzini ephuma kwi-cellulose, eyipolysaccharide yendalo efumaneka kwiindonga zeeseli zezityalo. I-CMC ifumana izicelo ezibanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo abandakanya ukutya, amayeza, izinto zokuthambisa, amalaphu, iphepha, kunye nabanye abaninzi ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa ezinjengokuqina, ukuzinzisa, ukubopha, ukwenza ifilim, kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ukulungiswa kwe-CMC kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi ukusuka ekutsalweni kweselulosi kwimithombo yendalo elandelwa luhlengahlengiso lwayo ukwazisa amaqela e-carboxymethyl.

1. Ukukhutshwa kweCellulose:
Inyathelo lokuqala kulungiselelo lwe-CMC kukutsalwa kweselulosi kwimithombo yendalo efana nentlaka yeenkuni, iilitha zomqhaphu, okanye ezinye iintsinga zezityalo. I-cellulose idla ngokufumaneka ngothotho lweenkqubo ezibandakanya ukucofa, ukucocwa, kunye nokucocwa. Ngokomzekelo, i-pulp yokhuni inokufumaneka ngeenkqubo ze-mechanical okanye iikhemikhali ze-pulping ezilandelwa yi-bleaching nge-chlorine okanye i-hydrogen peroxide ukususa ukungcola kunye ne-lignin.

2. Ukusebenza kweSelulosi:
Nje ukuba i-cellulose ikhutshwe, kufuneka isebenze ukuququzelela ukuqaliswa kwamaqela e-carboxymethyl. Ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kufezekiswa ngokuphatha i-cellulose nge-alkali efana ne-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) okanye i-sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo zokushisa kunye noxinzelelo. Unyango lwe-alkali ludumbisa imicu ye-cellulose kwaye kwandisa ukusebenza kwakhona ngokuqhawula i-intra kunye ne-intermolecular hydrogen bond.

3. I-Carboxymethylation Reaction:
I-cellulose esebenzayo emva koko ixhomekeke kwi-carboxymethylation reaction apho amaqela e-carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) aziswa kumaqela e-hydroxyl yamaketane e-cellulose. Oku kusabela ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutywa ngokusabela kwi-cellulose evuliweyo kunye ne-sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) kubukho be-alkaline catalyst efana ne-sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Impendulo inokubonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

I-Cellulose + I-Chloroacetic Acid → I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose + NaCl

Iimeko zokusabela ezibandakanya ubushushu, ixesha lokuphendula, ukuxinana kwee-reagents, kunye ne-pH zilawulwa ngononophelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivuno esiphezulu kunye neqondo elinqwenelekayo lokuthatha indawo (DS) elibhekiselele kumndilili wenani lamaqela e-carboxymethyl aziswa ngeyunithi yeglucose yekhonkco leselulosi.

4. Ukungathathi hlangothi kunye neWashing:
Emva kwempendulo ye-carboxymethylation, i-carboxymethyl cellulose ebangelwayo ayithathi hlangothi ukuze isuse i-alkali engaphezulu kunye ne-chloroacetic acid engaphendulwanga. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kuphunyezwa ngokuhlamba imveliso ngamanzi okanye isisombululo se-asidi edibeneyo elandelwa kukuhluzwa ukwahlula i-CMC eqinileyo kumxube wokusabela.

5. Ukucoca:
I-CMC esulungekileyo ihlanjwa ngamanzi amaxesha amaninzi ukususa ubumdaka obufana neetyuwa, ii-reagents ezingaphendulwanga, kunye neemveliso. Ukuhluzwa okanye ukufakwa kwe-centrifugation kungaqeshwa ukwahlula i-CMC ecociweyo kumanzi okuhlamba.

6. Ukomisa:
Ekugqibeleni, i-carboxymethyl cellulose ecocekileyo yomiswa ukuze isuse ukufuma okushiyekileyo kwaye ifumane imveliso efunekayo ngendlela yomgubo owomileyo okanye iigranules. Ukomisa kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinjengokomisa komoya, ukomisa ngevacuum, okanye ukomisa ngesitshizi ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezifunwayo zemveliso yokugqibela.

7. Ubulinganiswa kunye noLawulo loMgangatho:
EzomisiweyoCMCimveliso iphantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubonakalisa iimpawu ezifana neFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), inyukliya magnetic resonance (NMR), kunye nemilinganiselo ye viscosity ukuqinisekisa ubume bayo bekhemikhali, iqondo lokutshintshwa, ubunzima bemolekyuli, kunye nokucoceka. Iimvavanyo zolawulo lomgangatho nazo zenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana neenkcukacha ezifunekayo kwizicelo ezijoliswe kuzo.

ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi abandakanya ukutsalwa kwe-cellulose kwimithombo yendalo, ukusebenza, ukusabela kwe-carboxymethylation, ukungathathi hlangothi, ukuhlanjululwa, ukomisa, kunye nokulinganisa. Inyathelo ngalinye lifuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lweemeko zokusabela kunye neeparamitha ukuphumeza isivuno esiphezulu, iqondo elinqwenelekayo lokutshintsha, kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. I-CMC yipolymer esetyenziswa ngokubanzi enemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nokuguquguquka.