1. Intshayelelo
Okwangoku, eyona nto iphambili eluhlaza esetyenziswe kulungiselelo lweI-Selersese Etheryikotoni, kwaye imveliso yayo iyancipha, kwaye ixabiso liyanyuka;
Ngapha koko, isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo iiarhente ezinje nge-chlorocetic acid (inetyhefu) kunye ne-ithoylene oxide (i-carcinogenic) nayo iyingozi kakhulu kumzimba womntu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Incwadi
Kwesi sahluko, ipine selsulose ecocekileyo ngokulinganayo kwe-90% ekhutshwe kwisahluko sesibini isetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza, kunye ne-2-chloroettate kwaye i-2-Chloroethanol isetyenziswa njengezixhobo.
Sebenzisa ityhefu yetyhefu yetyhefu yetyhefu njengearhente yokuthetha, i-anaionI-Carboxymethyl Selelose (CMC), i-ionic hydroxyyl ilungisiwe.
Iseli Into eyodwa
Iindlela zokulungiselela iiselsulose e Bute-Seles zilungiselelwe ngeendlela zovavanyo kunye novavanyo lwe-orthogonal, kunye ne-sthokedon ye-ortysulose e-ir-ir, xd, hmr, njl.
IZIBHENGEZO ZE-EKUROESS OREATION
Umgaqo-siseko wesimo se-seluplose ungahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini. Inxalenye yokuqala yinkqubo ye-alkali yokwahlula, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokuphendula kwe-alkali ye-SellUlose,
Ihlaselwe ngokulinganayo kwisisombululo se-naoh, i-pine selculose ihlambulukile phantsi kwesenzo sokukhuthaza umatshini, kwaye ngokwanda kwamanzi
Isixa esikhulu se-nah molecus ezincinci singene ngaphakathi kwi-pine selsulose, kwaye sasalelana namaqela e-hydroxyl kwi-ring yecandelo le-glucose,
Veza i-alkali seluplose, iZiko elisebenzayo le-Etheriyation.
Inxalenye yesibini yinkqubo yokuthengiswa, oko kukuthi, impendulo phakathi kweziko elisebenzayo kunye ne-sodium chlorocetate okanye i-2-chloroethanol phantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline, ezinokubakho
Kwangelo xesha, iarhente yokukhuphela iarhente ye-hlororocetate kwaye i-2-Chloroeethanol iya kuvelisa inqanaba elithile lamanzi phantsi kweemeko ze-ALKALIIN.
Impendulo esecaleni iconjululwe ukuvelisa i-gelycolate kunye ne-ethylene glycol, ngokulandelelana.
I-2 i-alkali ye-alkali ye-Alkali ye-Alkali
Okokuqala, lungiselela uxinzelelo oluthile lwesisombululo se-naoh ngamanzi e-deeer. Ke, kwiqondo lokushisa elithile, i-2G ye-pine fiber
Iivithamini zichithwe kwivolumu ethile yesisombululo se-naoh, ivuselelwe ixesha elithile, emva koko isetyenzisiwe.
Umvelisi wemodeli yesixhobo
Ichanekile i-pH imitha ye-pH
Uhlobo lomqokeleli oqhubekayo lokuhlola i-magnetic sperfer
I-vacuum yomile i-oveni
Ibhalansi ye-elektroniki
Ukujikeleza udidi lwamanzi amaXesha amaninzi
Ukuguqula i-4ier Fiectrometer
I-X-ray discracractrameter
I-Nulearneary Reminance Spectrometer
I-Hangzhou Alilong isixhobo Coul Co., Ltd.
I-Hangzhou Huicuang isixhobo Isixhobo CO., Ltd.
I-Shanghai JingHong Iziphumo zokuvavanywa kwesixhobo Co,, Ltd.
Izixhobo ze-Tolerler Toler (Shanghai) Co., ltd.
I-Hangzhou David Sciences kunye nesixhobo semfundo co., ltd.
I-American Thermo zfish Co.
Inkampani yaseMelika yeSwitzerland yeSwitzerland ARL
Inkampani yaseSwitzerland i-Bruck
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Ukulungiswa kwee-CMCs
Sebenzisa i-pine i-alkali sellulose iguqulwe ngu-Alkali ogxunyeneyo we-Alkali ye-Alkali ngokwezinto eziluhlaza, usebenzisa i-ethanol njenge-sollium kwaye isebenzisa i-slodium chlorocetate njenge-ofisisise
I-CMC ene-DS ephezulu ilungiselelwe ukongeza i-alkali kabini kwaye ikhuphe iarhente kabini. Yongeza i-2G ye-pine i-alkali selsulose kwiflask eyomeleleyo, emva koko yongeza ivolumu ethile ye-ethanol ye-ethanol ye-ethanol yesilivere, kwaye ivuselele kakuhle i-30min
malunga, ukuze i-alkali seluplose ichithwa ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko yongeza inani elithile learhente ye-alkali kunye ne-sodium chlorocetate yokusabela ixesha lexesha kwiqondo lokushisa
Emva kwexesha, ukongezwa kwesibini kweAlkaline Agent kunye ne-sodium pherrocetate elandelwa yi-ether kangangexesha elithile. Emva kokuphendula ngaphezulu, kupholile kwaye upholile, emva koko
Nxibelelanisa ngenani elifanelekileyo le-acetic acid, emva koko hlamba sucture, hlamba kwaye wome.
Ukulungiswa kwee-HECS
Ukusebenzisa i-pine i-alkali sellulose iguqulwe i-alkali ye-Alkali ye-Alkali ye-Alkali ye-SOWNSE, e-Ethanol njenge-Solvent kunye ne-2-Chloroethanol njenge-ether
I-hec enee-MS ephezulu ilungiselelwe ukongeza i-alkali kabini kwaye ikhuphe iarhente kabini. Yongeza i-2G ye-pine hine ialkali seluplose kwifless enetafile ezine, kwaye wongeze ivolumu ethile yama-90% (iqhekeza le-itham
Ukuvuselela ixesha lokusasazeka ngokupheleleyo, emva koko kongeza isixa esithile seAlkali, kwaye ushushu kancinci, yongeza ivolumu ethile ye-2-
I-Chloroethanol, i-ethersified kwiqondo lokuhlala lihlala lithuba lexesha, kwaye emva koko longeze i-Sodium ye-sodium eshiyekileyo kunye ne-2-chloroethanol ukuze uqhubeke nokuthantamisa kangangexesha elithile. phatha
Emva kokuphendula kugqityiwe, thabatha isixa-mali esithile se-acetic acid, kwaye ekugqibeleni isihluzo esine-filter yeglasi (G3), hlamba, kwaye womile.
Ukulungiswa kwe-hemcc
Sebenzisa i-HEC elungiselelwe i-3.2.3.4 njengezixhobo eziluhlaza, ethanol njengendlela yokuphendula, kunye ne-sodium hlororocetate njengearhente yokuphucula ukulungiselela
Hecmc. Inkqubo ethile yile: Thatha isixa esithile se-hec, sibeke kwi-100 ml flask-i-flask ye-100 yee-flask, kwaye wongeze inani elithile levolumu
I-90% ethanol, umatshini uvuselele ixesha elithile ukuze ichithwe ngokupheleleyo, yongeza isixa esithile seAlkali emva kokufudumeza, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe
I-sodium hlorocetate, isiko le-etheriya kwiqondo lokushisa rhoqo liphela emva kwexesha lexesha. Emva kokuba impendulo igqityiwe, ayithanga nge-GOCTE ACCEC ye-acid ukuyithatha, emva koko sebenzisa isihluzo seglasi (G3)
Emva kokuqinisa, ukuhlamba kunye nokomisa.
Ukuhlanjululwa kweSelupolose
Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela i-Teluplose Ether, iimveliso ezithile zihlala ziveliswa, ikakhulu i-inoright sodium hloride kwaye enye
ukungcola. Ukwenzela ukuphucula umgangatho we-seluplose ether, ukucocwa ngokulula kwenziwa kwi-ether efunyenweyo. kuba bangamanzi
Kukho ukungcungcutheka okwahlukileyo, ke lovavanyo usebenzisa iqhekeza levolimu ye-hydired ethanol ukucoca ii-Seles ezintathu.
utshintsho.
Beka isampulu ye-Selese esilungiselelwe ngomgangatho othile kwiBeaker, Yongeza isixa esithile se-80% e-ethanol esele ifihliwe kwi-60 ℃ ~ 65 ~ 65 ye-10 ℃. imiz. Thatha i-supernatant ukuba yome
Kwi-boaker ecocekileyo, sebenzisa i-nitrate yesilivere ukukhangela i-chloride ion. Ukuba kukho i-white elimhlophe, yicoca ngeglasi yeglasi kwaye uthathe isiseko esiqinileyo
Phinda amanyathelo angaphambili kwilungu lomzimba, kude kube lolona hlaselo emva kongeze isisombululo se-1 ye-AGNo3 asinamhlophe phawula, oko kukuthi, ukuhlanjululwa kuyagqitywa.
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kwi (ikakhulu ukususa impendulo ye-nacl yemveliso). Emva kokuthambisa, ukomisa, ukupholisa kubushushu begumbi kunye nokulinganisa.
ubunzima, g.
Uvavanyo kunye neendlela zokwenza uphawu lwe-seluplose
Ukuzimisela kwenqanaba lokufakwa endaweni (DS) kunye nenqanaba le-molar al
Ukuzimisela kwe-DS: Okokuqala, ubunzima kwi-0.2 g (ichanekile kwi-0.1 MG) yesampulu ehlanjululwe ye-selsued kunye eyomileyo, inyibilikisile kuyo
I-80ml yamanzi anezinziyo, ivezwe kwi-In Rod Back Backs kwi-30 ℃ ~ 40 ~. Emva koko lungisa ngesisombululo se-acid ye-acid okanye isisombululo se-naoh
I-PH yesisombululo de i-PH yesisombululo yi-8. Ke kwi-Beaker exhotywe i-elektrode electrode, sebenzisa isisombululo esisezantsi se-sulfuric acid
Ukuya kwenesibindi, phantsi kweemeko ezishukumisayo, jonga imitha ye-PH ngelixa iXabiso, xa ixabiso le-PH lilungiswa kwi-3.74,
Isishumi siphela. Qaphela ivolumu yesisombululo somgangatho we-acid esetyenziswe ngeli xesha.
Isizukulwana:
Isixa samanani aphezulu kwi-proton kunye neqela le-hydroxyyl
Umyinge wenani leeprotokhoni eziphezulu; I7 Ngaba ubunzima beqela le-methylene kwiqela le-hydroxythyl
Ubukhulu becala le-proton ye-Proton Peak; Ngaba ubukhulu becala iProton Reton Peak ngamaqela ama-5 ama-methine kunye neqela elinye le-methylene kwiyunithi ye-selselese glucose
Isixa.
Iindlela zovavanyo ezichazwe ngovavanyo lwezinto ezibonisa ukuba ze-infrared ye-Selessese ezintathu ze-CMC, i-HEC kunye ne-heecmc
Umthetho
3.2.4.3 uvavanyo lwe-XRD
Uvavanyo lwe-X-R-Ray Discation Uvavanyo lwee-Seles ezintathu zeSeles CMC, i-HEC kunye ne-heecmc
Indlela yovavanyo echaziweyo.
3.2.4.4 Ukuvavanywa kwe-H-NMR
I-H NMR Spectrometer ye-HEC yalinganiswa yi-Avance400 H NMR Spektrometer eveliswe ngu-bruker.
Sebenzisa i-dimthyl supethyl sulfoxide njenge-solvent, isisombululo savavanywa ngolwelo lwe-hydrogen nmr spectudroscopy. Indala yovavanyo yayiyi-75,5mhz.
Ifudumele, isisombululo yi-0.5ml.
I-3.3 iziphumo kunye nohlalutyo
3.3.1 Ulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo yokulungiselela i-CMC
Sebenzisa i-pine selsulose ekhutshwe kwisahluko sesibini njengezixhobo eziluhlaza, kwaye isebenzisa i-sodium hlororocetate njengearhente yokuthetha, indlela yokuqalisa kwamkelwa,
Inkqubo yokulungiselela ye-CMC yenzelwe, kwaye izinto zokuqala ezibonakalayo zazimiselwe njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 3.3. Oku kulandelayo yinkqubo yokulungiselela i-hec
Kubugcisa, uhlalutyo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo.
Itheyibhile 3.3 Amaxabiso Okuqala
Ixabiso lezinto zokuqala
Iqondo lokushisa i-alkali elingeneyo / ℃ 40
Ixesha lokuphumla le-alkali
Umlinganiso oqinileyo oqinileyo-((G / ml) 1:25
I-PreypermentY Dection /% 40
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Iqondo lokuqala lokuthintela i-elekli / ℃ 45
Ixesha lokuqala le-ether
Inqanaba lesibini leqondo lokushisa / ℃ 70
Ixesha lesibini le-ethe tersises / h 1
Isiseko somthi wenqanaba lokukhukulisa / g 2
Isixa searhente yokukhuthaza kwi-Etherhesition Inqanaba / G 4.3
I-Ethermied i-Subriod-Litio / (G / ml) 1:15
3.3.1.1 Impembelelo yezinto ezahlukeneyo kumgangatho wokufakelwa kwe-CMC kwindawo yokwaluphala
I-1. Isiphumo sokukhulisa ubushushu be-alkali ye-alkali kwindawo ye-CMC
Ukwenzela ukuqwalasela ifuthe lokukhulisa ubushushu be-alkali efihlakeleyo kwinqanaba lokufakwa endaweni ye-CMC efunyenweyo, kwimeko yokulungisa ezinye izinto njengexabiso lokuqala,
Phantsi kweemeko, isiphumo sokukhulisa ubushushu be-alkali yokukhulisa kwi-CMC isidanga sokufakelwa, kwaye iziphumo zibonisiwe kwi-Fig.
Iqondo lokushisa i-alkali elingeneyo / ℃
Iziphumo zokuphinda-phinda ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokutshintsha kwe-CMC
Ingabonwa ukuba inqanaba lokufakwa endaweni ye-CMC linyuswa ngokunyuka kobushushu be-alkali ye-alkali, kunye nobushushu be-alkali yi-30 ° C.
Amanqanaba alapha ngezantsi ancipha ngokukhulisa ubushushu obukhulayo. Kungenxa yokuba iqondo lobushushu le-alkali liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye iimolekyuli azisebenzi kangako kwaye azikwazi
Ukutshabalalisa ngempumelelo indawo ye-crystalline ye-sellyulose, eyenza kube nzima kwi-Arhente yokukhuthaza ukufaka i-Internuor yeSelsulose kwinqanaba le-ether, kunye nenqanaba lokuphendula liphezulu.
iphantsi, kukhokelela kwinqanaba eliphantsi lokufaka endaweni yemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, ubushushu be-alkali bokungafanele bungaphezulu kakhulu. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu liyanda, phantsi kwesenzo samaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye ne-alkali eyomeleleyo,
I-SellUlose ixhonyiwe ukonakaliswa kwe-oxidage, kwaye inqanaba lokufakwa endaweni ye-CMC iyancipha.
2. Impembelelo yexesha lokuphumla le-alkali kwi-CMC
Ngaphantsi kwemeko apho iqondo lobushushu eliqhumayo lingama-30 ° C kunye nezinye izinto ngamaxabiso okuqala, isiphumo sokukhulisa ixesha lokuphumla kwi-CMC kuxoxwa.
Iziphumo zokufakwa endaweni. Inqanaba lokufaka endaweni
Ixesha lokuphumla le-alkali
Isiphumo sokukhulisa ixesha lokuphumlaCmcisidanga sokufaka
Inkqubo yokuxhuzula ngokwayo iyakhawuleza, kodwa isisombululo se-alkali sifuna ixesha lokuhlukunyezwa kwifayibha.
Ingabonwa ukuba xa ixesha le-alkali libe yi-0.5-1.5h, inqanaba lokufaka endaweni yemveliso inyuka ngokunyuka kwexesha lokuphumelela.
Inqanaba lokufakwa endaweni yemveliso efunyenwe yeyeyona nto iphakamileyo xa ixesha lalingu-1.5h, kwaye inqanaba lokufaka linciphise ixesha emva kokunyuka kwexesha emva kwe-1.5h. Oku kunokuba
Kungenzeka ukuba ekuqaleni kwe-alkalization, kunye nokwakhiwa kwexesha le-alkali, ukungenisa i-alkali ukuya kwi-selulose ngakumbi, ukuze i-fiber
Ulwakhiwo oluphambili luhlaziywe ngakumbi, lukhulisa iarhente yokuthambisa kunye nendawo esebenzayo
IXESHA LOKUQALA: APR-26-2024