I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (ekwaziwa njenge: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC, I-Carboxymethyl, i-Cellulose Sodium, ityuwa ye-Sodium ye-Caboxy Methyl Cellulose) yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye isixa esikhulu esisetyenziswa kwihlabathi namhlanje iintlobo ze-cellulose.
I-CMC-Na ngokufutshane, i-derivative cellulose kunye ne-glucose polymerization degree ye-100-2000, kunye nobunzima be-molecular 242.16. Ifibrous emhlophe okanye ipowder granular. Ayinavumba, incasa, incasa, ihygroscopic, ayinyibiliki kwizinyibilikisi zendalo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
1. Isakhiwo semolekyuli ye-sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Yaveliswa okokuqala yiJamani ngo-1918, kwaye yayinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi ngo-1921 kwaye yavela kwihlabathi. Imveliso yorhwebo sele ifunyenwe eYurophu. Ngelo xesha, yayiyimveliso ekrwada kuphela, esetyenziswa njenge-colloid kunye ne-binder. Ukusukela ngo-1936 ukuya ku-1941, uphando lwesicelo soshishino lwe-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose lwalusebenza kakhulu, kwaye kwayilwa amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza amaninzi. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iJamani yasebenzisa i-sodium carboxymethylcellulose kwizicoci zokwenziwa. I-Hercules yenza i-sodium carboxymethylcellulose okokuqala ngqa e-United States kwi-1943, kwaye yavelisa i-sodium carboxymethylcellulose ecocekileyo kwi-1946, eyaqatshelwa njengesongezo sokutya esikhuselekileyo. ilizwe lam laqalisa ukuyamkela ngeminyaka yee-1970, yaye yayisetyenziswa kakhulu ngeminyaka yee-1990. Yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye isixa esikhulu seselulosi ehlabathini namhlanje.
Ifomula yolwakhiwo: C6H7O2 (OH) 2OCH2COONA Ifomula yemolekyuli: C8H11O7Na
Le mveliso ityuwa yesodium ye-cellulose carboxymethyl ether, i-anionic fiber
2. Ukubonakala kwe-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Le mveliso ityuwa yesodium ye-cellulose carboxymethyl ether, i-anionic cellulose ether, emhlophe okanye i-milky emhlophe ye-fibrous powder okanye i-granule, ubuninzi be-0.5-0.7 g / cm3, phantse i-odorless, i-tasteless, i-hygroscopic. Kulula ukusasaza emanzini ukwenza isisombululo se-colloidal esicacileyo, kwaye ayinyibiliki kwizinyibilikisi ze-organic ezifana ne-ethanol [1]. I-pH ye-1% yesisombululo se-aqueous yi-6.5-8.5, xa i-pH> 10 okanye i-<5, i-viscosity ye-mucilage iyancipha kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kuhle kakhulu xa i-pH = 7. Uzinzile kubushushu, i-viscosity inyuka ngokukhawuleza ngaphantsi kwe-20 ° C, kwaye itshintsha kancinane kwi-45 ° C. Ukufudumala kwexesha elide ngaphezu kwe-80 ° C kunokunciphisa i-colloid kwaye kunciphise kakhulu i-viscosity kunye nokusebenza. Inyibilika ngokulula emanzini, kwaye isisombululo siyabonakala; izinzile kakhulu kwisisombululo se-alkaline, kodwa i-hydrolyzed ngokulula xa idibana ne-asidi, kwaye iya kudlula xa ixabiso le-pH liyi-2-3, kwaye liya kusabela kunye neetyuwa ze-polyvalent metal.
Injongo ephambili
Isetyenziswe njenge-thickener kwishishini lokutya, njengomphathi weziyobisi kwishishini lamachiza, kwaye njenge-binder kunye ne-anti-redeposition agent kwishishini lemichiza yemihla ngemihla. Kwishishini lokuprinta kunye nokudaya, lisetyenziswa njenge-colloid yokukhusela kwi-agent ye-size kunye ne-pastes yokushicilela. Kwishishini lepetrochemical, linokusetyenziswa njengenxalenye ye-oyile yokubuyisela i-fracturing fluid. [2]
Ukungahambelani
Isodium carboxymethylcellulose ayihambelani nezinyibiliko zeasidi eyomeleleyo, iityuwa zentsimbi ezinyibilikayo, kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezifana nealuminiyam, imekyuri, kunye nezinc. Xa i-pH ingaphantsi kwe-2, kwaye xa ixutywe ne-95% ye-ethanol, imvula iya kwenzeka.
I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose inokwenza i-co-agglomerates kunye ne-gelatin kunye ne-pectin, kwaye inokwenza ii-complexes ezine-collagen, ezinokunyusa iiprotheni ezithile ezihlawuliswa kakuhle.
umsebenzi wezandla
I-CMC idla ngokuba yi-anionic polymer compound elungiselelwe ngokusabela i-cellulose yendalo kunye ne-alkali ye-caustic kunye ne-monochloroacetic acid, kunye nobunzima be-molecular 6400 (± 1 000). Iimveliso eziphambili ze-sodium chloride kunye ne-sodium glycolate. I-CMC yeyendalo yokuguqulwa kweselulosi. I-Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-FAO) kunye ne-World Health Organization (WHO) ibize ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi "i-cellulose ehlaziyiweyo".
Ezona zalathisi ziphambili zokulinganisa umgangatho we-CMC sisidanga sokutshintshwa (DS) kunye nobunyulu. Ngokubanzi, iimpawu ze-CMC zahlukile ukuba i-DS yahlukile; iqondo eliphezulu lokutshintshwa, lomelele ukunyibilika, kwaye ngcono ukungafihli kunye nokuzinza kwesisombululo. Ngokutsho kweengxelo, ukucaca kwe-CMC kungcono xa i-degree of substitution i-0.7-1.2, kunye ne-viscosity yesisombululo sayo samanzi sikhulu xa ixabiso le-pH li-6-9. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wayo, ukongeza ekukhetheni iarhente etherification, ezinye izinto ezichaphazela iqondo endaweni kunye nobunyulu kufuneka kwakhona ziqwalaselwe, ezifana ubudlelwane phakathi isixa alkali kunye nearhente etherification, ixesha etherification, umxholo wamanzi kwi. inkqubo, ubushushu, ixabiso pH, isisombululo Concentration kunye netyuwa njl.
bume bento
Ukuze kusonjululwe ukunqongophala kwezinto ezikrwada (umqhaphu osulungekisiweyo owenziwe ngeelitha zomqhaphu), kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amanye amacandelo ophando lwezenzululwazi kwilizwe lam asebenzisane namashishini ukuze asebenzise ngokupheleleyo umqhaphu werayisi, umqhaphu ocoliweyo (umqhaphu omdaka), kunye nedregi yembotyi. ukuvelisa iCMC ngempumelelo. Iindleko zemveliso zincitshiswe kakhulu, nto leyo evula umthombo omtsha wezinto eziluhlaza kwimveliso ye-CMC yemveliso kwaye iqonda ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwemithombo. Kwelinye icala, ixabiso lemveliso liyancitshiswa, kwaye kwelinye icala, i-CMC iphuhlisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu. Uphando kunye nophuhliso lweCMC lujolise ikakhulu kutshintsho lweteknoloji yemveliso ekhoyo kunye nokuveliswa kwenkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye neemveliso ezintsha zeCMC ezineempawu ezizodwa, ezifana nenkqubo "ye-solvent-slurry" [3] inkqubo ephuhliswe ngempumelelo. phesheya kwaye sele isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Kuveliswa uhlobo olutsha lwe-CMC olunozinzo oluphezulu. Ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu wokutshintshwa kunye nokusasazwa okufanayo ngakumbi kwezinto ezibambeleyo, inokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lweenkalo zemveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa ezinzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zenkqubo. Ngamazwe ngamazwe, olu hlobo olutsha lwe-CMC elungisiweyo lukwabizwa ngokuba yi "polyanionic cellulose (PAC, Poly anionic cellulose)".
ukhuseleko
Ukhuseleko oluphezulu, i-ADI ayifuni imimiselo, kwaye imigangatho yelizwe iye yaqulunqwa [4].
isicelo
Le mveliso inemisebenzi yokubopha, ukuqina, ukuqinisa, i-emulsifying, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokumiswa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMC ekutyeni
I-FAO kunye ne-WHO ivume ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMC ecocekileyo ekutyeni. Yavunywa emva kophando olungqongqo lwebhayoloji kunye netyhefu kunye novavanyo. Ukuthathwa ngokukhuselekileyo (ADI) kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe ngu-25mg/(kg·d) , oko malunga ne-1.5 g/d ngomntu ngamnye. Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba abanye abantu babengenayo nayiphi na i-toxic reaction xa i-take ifika kwi-10 kg. I-CMC ayisiyiyo kuphela i-emulsification stabilizer elungileyo kunye ne-thickener kwizicelo zokutya, kodwa inozinzo oluhle lokukhenkceza kunye nokunyibilika, kwaye inokuphucula incasa yemveliso kwaye yandise ixesha lokugcina. Isixa esisetyenziselwa ubisi lwesoya, i-ayisikrimu, i-ayisikrimu, ijeli, iziselo, kunye neetoti malunga ne-1% ukuya kwi-1.5%. I-CMC inokwenza i-dispersion emulsified ezinzileyo kunye neviniga, isosi yesoya, i-oyile yemifuno, ijusi yeziqhamo, i-gravy, ijusi yemifuno, njl., kunye ne-dosage yi-0.2% ukuya kwi-0.5%. Ngokukodwa, inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo we-emulsifying wezilwanyana kunye nemifuno yeoli, iiprotheyini kunye nezisombululo ezinamanzi, ezivumela ukuba zenze i-emulsion ye-homogeneous kunye nokusebenza okuzinzile. Ngenxa yokhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwayo, idosi yayo ayikhawulelwanga ngumgangatho wesizwe wokucoceka kokutya kwe-ADI. I-CMC iye yaphuhliswa ngokuqhubekayo kwintsimi yokutya, kwaye uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium carboxymethylcellulose kwimveliso yewayini luye lwenziwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kweCMC kumayeza
Kwishishini lamachiza, linokusetyenziswa njenge-emulsion stabilizer ye-injection, i-binder kunye ne-agent-forming agent yeepilisi. Abanye abantu babonakalise ukuba i-CMC yindawo ekhuselekileyo nethembekileyo yokuphatha ichiza lomhlaza ngokusebenzisa imifuniselo esisiseko neyezilwanyana. Ukusebenzisa i-CMC njengesixhobo se-membrane, ifom yedosi elungisiweyo yeyeza laseTshayina i-Yangyin Shengji Powder, i-Yangyin Shengji Membrane, ingasetyenziselwa amanxeba okusebenza kwedermabrasion kunye namanxeba abuhlungu. Uphononongo lwemodeli yezilwanyana luye lwabonisa ukuba ifilimu ikhusela ukusuleleka kwesilonda kwaye ayinayo umehluko omkhulu kwiingubo ze-gauze. Ngokubhekiselele ekulawuleni i-exudation ye-tissue yenxeba kunye nokuphulukiswa kwenxeba ngokukhawuleza, le filimu ingcono kakhulu kuneengubo ze-gauze, kwaye inefuthe lokunciphisa i-edema emva kokusebenza kunye nokucaphuka kwenxeba. Ukulungiswa kwefilimu eyenziwe nge-polyvinyl alcohol: i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: i-polycarboxyethylene kwisilinganiselo se-3: 6: 1 iyona nto ingcono kakhulu, kwaye i-adhesion kunye nesantya sokukhululwa zombini zonyuswa. Ukubambelela kokulungiswa, ixesha lokuhlala lokulungiswa kwisigxina somlomo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweyeza ekulungiseleleni zonke ziphuculwe kakhulu. I-Bupivacaine sisithomalalisi esinamandla sendawo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sinokuvelisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu zentliziyo xa ityhefwe. Ke ngoko, ngelixa i-bupivacaine isetyenziswa ngokubanzi eklinikhi, uphando ngothintelo kunye nonyango lweempendulo zayo eziyityhefu belusoloko luqwalaselwa ngakumbi. Izifundo ze-Pharmacological zibonise ukuba i-CIVIC njengento eqhubekayo yokukhululwa eyenziwe kunye nesisombululo se-bupivacaine inokunciphisa kakhulu imiphumo emibi yeyeza. Kwi-PRK yotyando, ukusetyenziswa kwe-tetracaine ephantsi-concentration kunye ne-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs kudibaniswa ne-CMC kunokunciphisa kakhulu intlungu emva kokuhlinzwa. Ukuthintelwa kwe-postoperative peritoneal adhesions kunye nokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwamathumbu emathunjini yenye yezona zinto zichaphazelekayo kunyango lweklinikhi. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-CMC ingcono kakhulu kune-sodium hyaluronate ekunciphiseni iqondo lokunamathela kwi-peritoneal emva kokuhlinzwa, kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengendlela esebenzayo yokuthintela ukwenzeka kwe-peritoneal adhesions. I-CMC isetyenziswa kwi-catheter hepatic arterial infusion of anti-cancer drug kunyango lomhlaza wesibindi, enokwandisa kakhulu ixesha lokuhlala lamachiza okulwa nomhlaza kumathumba, ukwandisa amandla okulwa nethumba, kunye nokuphucula isiphumo sonyango. Kumayeza ezilwanyana, i-CMC nayo inoluhlu olubanzi losetyenziso. Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba i-intraperitoneal instillation ye-1% yesisombululo se-CMC kwiimazi zinempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni i-dystocia kunye nokunamathela kwesisu emva kotyando lokuzala kwimfuyo.
CMC kwezinye izicelo zoshishino
Kwizicoci, i-CMC ingasetyenziswa njenge-ejenti echasene nokubuyiselwa komhlaba, ngakumbi kumalaphu e-hydrophobic synthetic fiber, angcono kakhulu kune-carboxymethyl fiber.
I-CMC ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela amaqula e-oyile njengesizinzisi sodaka kunye ne-arhente yokugcina amanzi kwi-oyile yokomba. Umthamo wequla ngalinye leoli yi-2.3t kumaqula angekho nzulu kunye ne-5.6t kumaqula anzulu;
Kwishishini lelaphu, lisetyenziswa njenge-agent yokulinganisa, i-thickener yokuprinta kunye nokudaya intlama, ukuprintwa kwe-textile kunye nokugqiba ukuqina. Xa isetyenziswe njenge-arhente yokulinganisa, inokuphucula ukunyibilika kunye ne-viscosity, kwaye kulula ukuyenza; njenge-ejenti yokuqina, umthamo wayo ungaphezulu kwe-95%; xa isetyenziswe njenge-ejenti yokulinganisa, amandla kunye nokuguquguquka kwefilimu yobungakanani kuphuculwe kakhulu; kunye ne-silk fibroin ehlaziyiweyo I-membrane edibeneyo eyenziwe nge-carboxymethyl cellulose isetyenziswa njenge-matrix ye-immobilizing i-glucose oxidase, kunye ne-glucose oxidase kunye ne-ferrocene carboxylate zingenakunyakaziswa, kwaye i-glucose biosensor eyenziwe inovakalelo oluphezulu kunye nokuzinza. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba xa i-silica gel homogenate ilungiswa kunye nesisombululo se-CMC kunye noxinaniso malunga ne-1% (w / v), ukusebenza kwe-chromatographic ye-plate ye-thin-layer plate iyona nto ibhetele. Kwangaxeshanye, ipleyiti enamaleko abhityileyo agqunywe phantsi kweemeko eziphuculweyo, inamandla afanelekileyo omaleko, alungele iindlela ezahlukeneyo zesampulu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa. I-CMC inamathelo kwiintsinga ezininzi kwaye inokuphucula ikhonkco phakathi kweentsinga. Ukuzinza kwe-viscosity yayo kunokuqinisekisa ukufana kokulinganisa, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokuluka. Ingasetyenziselwa kwakhona njenge-arhente yokugqiba iimpahla zempahla, ngokukodwa ukugqiba ngokusisigxina kokuchasa imibimbi, okuzisa utshintsho oluhlala luhlala kwiindwangu.
I-CMC ingasetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokuchasa intlenga, i-emulsifier, i-dipersant, i-agent yokulinganisa, kunye ne-adhesive for coatings. Inokwenza umxholo oqinileyo wokugquma usasazwe ngokulinganayo kwi-solvent, ukwenzela ukuba i-coating ingabikho ixesha elide. Ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiipeyinti. .
Xa i-CMC isetyenziswa njenge-flocculant, isebenza ngakumbi kune-sodium gluconate ekususeni i-calcium ions. Xa isetyenziswe njengotshintshiselwano lwe-cation, umthamo wayo wokutshintshiselana unokufikelela kwi-1.6 ml / g.
I-CMC isetyenziswa njenge-agent yokulinganisa iphepha kushishino lwephepha, elinokuphucula kakhulu amandla omileyo kunye namandla amanzi ephepha, kunye nokumelana ne-oyile, ukufunxwa kwe-inki kunye nokuxhathisa amanzi.
I-CMC isetyenziswa njenge-hydrosol kwizinto zokuthambisa kunye ne-thickener kwi-toothpaste, kwaye umthamo wayo umalunga ne-5%.
I-CMC ingasetyenziswa njenge-flocculant, i-agent ye-chelating, i-emulsifier, i-thickener, i-arhente yokugcina amanzi, i-ejenti yokulinganisa, ifilimu yokwenza ifilimu, njl. iikhemikhali kunye namanye amasimi, kwaye ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye noluhlu olubanzi losetyenziso, ihlala ivula iindawo ezintsha zesicelo, kunye nentengiso. ithemba libanzi kakhulu.
Ukulumkela
(1) Ukuhambelana kwale mveliso kunye ne-asidi eqinile, i-alkali enamandla, kunye ne-ion zetsimbi enzima (ezifana ne-aluminium, i-zinc, i-mercury, isilivere, isinyithi, njl.) ichasene.
(2) Ukuthathwa okuvumelekileyo kwale mveliso ngu-0-25mg/kg·d.
Imiyalelo
Xuba i-CMC ngokuthe ngqo namanzi ukwenza iglu encamathelayo ukuze isetyenziswe kamva. Xa ulungiselela iglue yeCMC, faka kuqala umlinganiselo othile wamanzi acocekileyo kwitanki yokudibanisa ngesixhobo sokuxhokonxa, kwaye xa isixhobo esishukumisayo sivulwa, ngokucothayo nangokulinganayo ufefe i-CMC kwitanki ye-batching, uvuselela ngokuqhubekayo, ukuze i-CMC ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo. ngamanzi, i-CMC inokunyibilika ngokupheleleyo. Xa unyibilika i-CMC, isizathu sokuba kufuneka ifafazwe ngokulinganayo kwaye ishukunyiswe ngokuqhubekayo kukuba "ukuthintela iingxaki ze-agglomeration, agglomeration, kunye nokunciphisa inani le-CMC elinyibilikisiweyo xa i-CMC idibana namanzi", kunye nokunyusa izinga lokuchithwa kwe-CMC. Ixesha lokuvuselela alifani nexesha le-CMC yokuchithwa ngokupheleleyo. Ziikhonsepthi ezimbini. Ngokubanzi, ixesha lokuvuselela lifutshane kakhulu kunexesha le-CMC yokunyibilika ngokupheleleyo. Ixesha elifunekayo kwezi zibini lixhomekeke kwimeko ethile.
Isiseko sokumisela ixesha lokuvuselela kukuba: xa iCMCihlakazekile ngokufanayo emanzini kwaye akukho zigaqa zicacileyo ezinkulu, ukuvuselela kunokupheliswa, ukuvumela i-CMC kunye namanzi ukuba ingene kwaye idibanise enye kwenye kwindawo yokuma.
Isiseko sokumisela ixesha elifunekayo ukuze i-CMC ichithwe ngokupheleleyo yile ilandelayo:
(1) I-CMC kunye namanzi zibotshelelwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye akukho kwahlulo olululwelo oluqinileyo phakathi kokubini;
(2) Intlama exutyiweyo ikwimo efanayo, kwaye umphezulu usicaba kwaye ugudile;
(3) Umbala we-paste edibeneyo usondele kumbala kunye nokungafihli, kwaye akukho zinto zegranular kwi-paste. Ukusukela kwixesha apho i-CMC ifakwa kwitanki yokudibanisa kwaye ixutywe namanzi ukuya kwixesha xa i-CMC ichithwa ngokupheleleyo, ixesha elifunekayo liphakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-20 yeeyure.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-26-2024