Udaka oluxubeneyo oluxubekileyo ludibanisa izinto ze-cementitious (i-samente, i-fly ash, i-slag powder, njl.), i-aggregates ekhethekileyo ye-fine aggregates (isanti ye-quartz, i-corundum, njl., kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ifuna i-aggregates lightweight, njenge-ceramsite, i-polystyrene eyandisiweyo, njl.) umlinganiselo othile, kwaye ke zipakishwe kwiingxowa, imigqomo okanye zinikezelwe ngobuninzi kwimo eyomileyo yomgubo.
Ngokutsho kwesicelo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zodaka lwezorhwebo, ezifana nodaka olomileyo lwe-powder kwi-masonry, udaka olomileyo lwe-powder udaka lokutyabeka, udaka olulomileyo lwe-powder emhlabeni, udaka olukhethekileyo olulomileyo lomgubo wokukhusela amanzi, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nezinye iinjongo. Ukushwankathela, udaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo lunokwahlulwa lube ngudaka oluqhelekileyo oluxubeneyo olomileyo (i-masonry, ukutyabeka kunye nodaka oluxutywe nomhlaba owomileyo) kunye nodaka olukhethekileyo oluxubeneyo. Udaka olukhethekileyo oluxubeneyo oluxubeneyo lubandakanya: i-self-leveling floor mortar, impahla yomgangatho ongagungqiyo, umgangatho ongenakutsha ongenakutsha, i-agent ye-inorganic caulking, udaka olungenamanzi, i-resin plastering mortar, izinto ezikhuselayo zekhonkrithi, udaka olunombala otyabekayo, njl.
Iidaka ezininzi ezinomxube owomileyo zifuna imixube yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zesenzo ekufuneka zenziwe ngenani elikhulu lovavanyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nemixube yekhonkrithi yemveli, imixube yodaka eyomileyo exutyiweyo ingasetyenziswa kuphela kwifom yomgubo, kwaye okwesibini, inyibilika emanzini abandayo, okanye inyibilike ngokuthe ngcembe phantsi kwesenzo sealkali ukwenza isiphumo sayo esifanelekileyo.
1. I-Thickener, i-arhente yokugcina amanzi kunye ne-stabilizer
Iselulosi ether methyl cellulose (MC), ihydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)kwayei-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)zonke zenziwe ngezinto zepolymer zendalo (ezifana nekotoni, njl.) I-ether ye-cellulose e-non-ionic eyenziwa ngonyango lwemichiza. Zibonakaliswa ngokunyibilika kwamanzi abandayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina, ukubambisana, ukubunjwa kwefilimu, i-lubricity, i-non-ionic kunye nokuzinza kwe-pH. Ukunyibilika kwamanzi abandayo kolu hlobo lwemveliso kuphuculwe kakhulu, kwaye umthamo wokugcina amanzi uphuculwe, ipropathi engqingqwa iyabonakala, ububanzi bamaqamza omoya aziswayo buncinci, kwaye umphumo wokuphucula amandla okubopha udaka uphuculwa kakhulu.
I-ether ye-cellulose ayinayo kuphela iindidi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa inoluhlu olubanzi lwe-molecular weight and viscosity ukusuka kwi-5mPa. s ukuya kwi-200,000 mPa. s, impembelelo ekusebenzeni kodaka kwinqanaba elitsha kwaye emva kokuqina kwakhona kuyahluka. Inani elikhulu leemvavanyo kufuneka liqhutywe xa ukhetha ukhetho oluthile. Khetha iindidi ze-cellulose kunye ne-viscosity efanelekileyo kunye noluhlu lwe-molecular weight, i-dosage encinci, kwaye akukho propati yokungenisa umoya. Kuphela ngale ndlela inokufumaneka ngokukhawuleza. Ukusebenza okufanelekileyo kobugcisa, kodwa kunoqoqosho oluhle.
2. Umgubo welatex ophinda uhlakazwe
Umsebenzi oyintloko we-thickener kukuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokuzinza kodaka. Nangona inokuthintela udaka ekuqhekekeni (ukunciphisa izinga lokunyuka kwamanzi) ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ngokuqhelekileyo alisetyenziswa njengendlela yokuphucula ukuqina, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kunye nokuxhathisa kwamanzi odaka. Isenzo sokongeza iipolymers ukuphucula ukunganyameki, ukuqina, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo yodaka kunye nekhonkrithi kuye kwaqatshelwa. I-emulsions ye-polymer esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuguqulwa kodaka lwesamente kunye nekhonkrithi yesamente ibandakanya: i-emulsion yerabha ye-neoprene, i-emulsion yerabha ye-styrene-butadiene, i-latex ye-polyacrylate, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-emulsion yerabha ye-chlorine, i-polyvinyl acetate, njl. indlela yokusebenzisana phakathi kweepolima kunye nesamente, kunye neemveliso zesamente zokugalela amanzi nazo ziye zaphononongwa ngokwethiyori. Uhlalutyo olunzulu ngakumbi kunye nophando, kunye nenani elikhulu leziphumo zophando lwezenzululwazi ziye zavela.
I-emulsion ye-polymer ingasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kodaka oluxutywe ngokulungeleyo, kodwa ngokucacileyo akunakwenzeka ukuyisebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo ekuveliseni udaka lwepowder eyomileyo, ngoko ke yazalwa i-latex powder. Okwangoku, i-latex powder ekwazi ukuphinda isetyenziswe kwi-powder yodaka eyomileyo ibandakanya: ① i-vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② i-vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC / VeoVa); ③ i-acrylate homopolymer ( Acrylate); ④ i-vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) i-styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), njl. Phakathi kwabo, i-vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer inomlinganiselo omkhulu wokusetyenziswa.
Ukuziqhelanisa kuye kwabonisa ukuba ukusebenza kwe-latex powder ye-dispersible izinzile, kwaye ineempembelelo ezingenakulinganiswa ekuphuculeni amandla okubopha udaka, ukuphucula ukuqina kwayo, ukuguqulwa, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-crack kunye nokungabi namanzi, njl. Udaka (ngenxa ye-hydrophobicity yalo), ukwenza udaka lomoya lungene kwaye lungangeni, luphucula Ukumelana nemozulu kwaye kuphuculwe ukuqina.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokuphucula amandla e-flexural kunye namandla okudibanisa udaka kunye nokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwayo, umphumo we-latex powder owenziwe ngokutsha ekuphuculeni ukugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka kunye nokuphucula ukudibanisa kwayo kulinganiselwe. Ekubeni ukongezwa kwe-latex powder ehlaziywayo kunokusabalalisa kwaye kubangele ubuninzi be-air-entrainment kumxube wodaka, umphumo walo wokunciphisa amanzi ubonakala kakhulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngenxa yesakhiwo esibi se-bubbles emoyeni esaziswayo, umphumo wokunciphisa amanzi awuzange uphucule amandla. Ngokuchasene noko, amandla omdaka aya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyuka kwe-latex powder content content. Ngoko ke, ekuphuhlisweni kwamanye ama-mortars adinga ukuqwalasela amandla okunyamezela kunye nokuguquguquka, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukongeza i-defoamer ngexesha elifanayo ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo engalunganga ye-latex powder kumandla oxinzelelo kunye namandla aguquguqukayo omdaka.
3. Defoamer
Ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-cellulose, i-starch ether kunye ne-polymer materials, ipropati yokungenisa umoya yomdaka ngokungathandabuzekiyo yanda, echaphazela amandla oxinzelelo, amandla okuguquguquka kunye namandla okudibanisa udaka kwelinye icala, kunye nokunciphisa imodyuli ye-elastic; kwelinye icala , Kwakhona inempembelelo enkulu kwinkangeleko yodaka, kwaye kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukuphelisa amaqamza omoya afakwe kudaka. Okwangoku, i-defoamers eyomileyo ephuma kumazwe angaphandle isetyenziswa kakhulu e-China ukuxazulula le ngxaki, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu yodaka lwempahla, ukupheliswa kweebhubhu zomoya akuyona into elula kakhulu.
4. I-arhente yokunqanda ukuthotywa
Xa uncamathelisa iithayile ze-ceramic, iibhodi ze-polystyrene ezinogwebu, kunye nokusebenzisa irabha yomgubo wepolystyrene udaka lokugquma amasuntswana, eyona ngxaki inkulu kujongenwe nayo kukuwa. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonakalise ukuba ukongeza isitashi se-ether, i-sodium bentonite, i-metakaolin kunye ne-montmorillonite ngumlinganiselo osebenzayo wokusombulula ingxaki yokuwa kodaka emva kokwakhiwa. Isisombululo esiphambili kwingxaki yokuqhaqha kukunyusa uxinzelelo lokuqala lwe-shear lodaka, oko kukuthi, ukwandisa i-thixotropy yayo. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, akulula ukukhetha i-agent anti-sagging enhle, kuba idinga ukusombulula ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-thixotropy, ukusebenza, i-viscosity kunye nemfuno yamanzi.
5. Thickener
Udaka lokutyabeka, udaka lwethayile, udaka oluhonjisiweyo olunombala kunye nodaka oluxutyiweyo olusetyenziselwe udonga lwangaphandle lwenkqubo yokugquma udaka olucekethekileyo luyimfuneko kumsebenzi ongangeni manzi okanye ogxotha amanzi, odinga ukongezwa komgubo ogxotha amanzi, kodwa kufuneka ube nezi mpawu zilandelayo: ① yenza udaka lwe-hydrophobic lulonke, kwaye ugcine iziphumo zexesha elide; ② ayinayo impembelelo embi kumandla okudibanisa umphezulu; ③ ezinye izinto ezigxotha amanzi ezidla ngokusetyenziswa kwimarike, ezifana ne-calcium stearate, kunzima ukuba zixutywe ngokukhawuleza nangokulungeleleneyo nodaka lwesamente, ayisosongezo esifanelekileyo se-hydrophobic sodaka oluxubeneyo owomileyo, ngakumbi izinto zokutyabeka zokwakha oomatshini.
Kutshanje kuphuhliswe i-silane-based powder-powder egxotha amanzi, eyimveliso esekwe ngumgubo we-silane efunyenwe ngokutshiza i-silane-coated colloids ekhuselayo enyibilikayo ngamanzi kunye ne-anti-caking agents. Xa udaka luxutywe namanzi, igobolondo ye-colloid ekhuselayo ye-agent egxotha amanzi ichithwa ngokukhawuleza emanzini, kwaye ikhuphe i-silane edibeneyo ukuze iphinde iyisasaze emanzini adibeneyo. Kwimekobume yealkaline kakhulu emva kokufakwa kwesamente, amaqela asebenzayo e-hydrophilic organic kwi-silane afakwa nge-hydrolyzed ukuze enze amaqela e-silanol asebenzayo kakhulu, kwaye amaqela e-silanol ayaqhubeka nokusabela ngendlela engaguqukiyo kunye namaqela e-hydroxyl kwiimveliso ze-samente ze-hydration ukwenza iibhondi zeekhemikhali, ukuze i-silane edityaniswe kunye ngokudibanisa i-cross-linking ye-pocere kumphezulu wodonga oludityanisiweyo. Njengoko amaqela asebenzayo e-hydrophobic eziphilayo ejongene nomphandle wodonga lwama-pore, umphezulu we-pores ufumana i-hydrophobicity, ngaloo ndlela izisa umphumo we-hydrophobic jikelele kumdaka.
6. Ubiquitin inhibitors
I-alkali ye-Erythrothenic iya kuchaphazela i-aesthetics ye-samente-based-decorative mortar, eyona ngxaki eqhelekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe. Ngokweengxelo, i-resin-based based anti-pantherine additive iye yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo kutshanje, eyimpuphu ephindwe kabini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuvuselela. Le mveliso ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwiingubo zokunceda, ii-putty, ii-caulks okanye ukugqiba ukwakheka kodaka kwaye ihambelana kakuhle nezinye izongezo.
7. Ifayibha
Ukongeza inani elifanelekileyo lefayibha kudaka kunokonyusa amandla okuqina, ukomeleza ukuqina, kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa kokuqhekeka. Okwangoku, iintsinga zokwenziwa kweekhemikhali kunye neentsinga zokhuni ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kudaka oluxubeneyo elomileyo. Iifayibha zokwenziwa kweekhemikhali, ezifana ne-polypropylene staple fiber, i-polypropylene staple fiber, njl. Emva kokuguqulwa kwendawo, le micu ayinayo kuphela i-dispersibility enhle, kodwa inomxholo ophantsi, onokuthi uphucule ngokufanelekileyo ukuxhatshazwa kweplastiki kunye nokusebenza kokuqhekeka kodaka. Iimpawu zoomatshini azichaphazeleki kakhulu. Ububanzi bosinga lomthi buncinci, kwaye ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ekwandeni kwesidingo samanzi sodaka xa ukongeza umsinga womthi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-26-2024