Zenziwa ngantoni ii-cellulose ethers

I-Cellulose ethers ludidi olunomdla lweekhompawundi ezivela kwiselulosi, enye yezona polymers zendalo zininzi emhlabeni. Ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zifumana izicelo kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya amayeza, ukutya, izinto zokuthambisa, ulwakhiwo, kunye namalaphu, ngenxa yeepropathi zazo ezizodwa kunye nokusebenza kwazo.

1. Ubume kunye neePropati zeSelulosi:

I-Cellulose yi-polysaccharide equka amatyathanga amade eeyunithi ze-glucose ezidityaniswe kunye nge-β(1→4) iibhondi ze-glycosidic. Iiyunithi ze-glucose eziphindaphindiweyo zibonelela nge-cellulose ngesakhiwo somgca kunye nesigxina. Olu lungelelwaniso lolwakhiwo lukhokelela kuqhina olomeleleyo lwehydrogen phakathi kwamatyathanga akufutshane, okunegalelo kwezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zeselulosi.

Amaqela e-hydroxyl (-OH) akhoyo kwikhonkco le-cellulose enza ukuba i-hydrophilic ephezulu, ivumela ukuba ifunxe kwaye igcine amanzi amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, i-cellulose ibonakalisa ukunyibilika okulambathayo kwezona zinyibilikisi zininzi ngenxa yothungelwano oluqinileyo lwe-intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

2. Intshayelelo yeCellulose Ethers:

I-Cellulose ethers ziphuma kwi-cellulose apho ezinye zamaqela e-hydroxyl zitshintshwa ngamaqela e-ether (-OR), apho i-R imele i-organic substituents ezahlukeneyo. Olu hlengahlengiso luguqula iipropathi zeselulosi, ziyenza inyibilike ngakumbi emanzini nakwizinyibilikisi zendalo ngelixa igcina ezinye zeempawu zayo zendalo, ezifana nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokungabi natyhefu.

3. Ukwenziwa kweCellulose Ethers:

I-synthesis ye-cellulose ethers ibandakanya i-etherification yamaqela e-cellulose hydroxyl kunye nee-reagents ezahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo. Ii-reagents eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa i-etherification ziquka i-alkyl halides, i-alkylene oxides, kunye ne-alkyl halides. Iimeko zokusabela ezifana neqondo lobushushu, isinyibilikisi, kunye nezinto ezincedayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni iqondo lokuthatha indawo (DS) kunye neempawu zesiphumo se-ether yeselulosi.

4. Iindidi zeCellulose Ethers:

I-cellulose ethers ingahlelwa ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwezinto ezifakwe kumaqela e-hydroxyl. Ezinye zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ii-cellulose ethers ziquka:

I-Methyl cellulose (MC)

Iselulosi yeHydroxypropyl (HPC)

Iselulosi yeHydroxyethyl (HEC)

I-Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC)

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-cellulose ether lubonisa iipropati ezikhethekileyo kwaye zifanelekile kwizicelo ezithile ngokuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo salo samakhemikhali kunye neqondo lokutshintshwa.

5. Iipropati kunye nosetyenziso lweCellulose Ethers:

I-Cellulose ethers ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweepropathi eziluncedo ezizenza zibe yimfuneko kumashishini ahlukeneyo:

Ukutyebisa kunye nokuZinzisa: Ii-ether ze-cellulose zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezityebi kunye nezinzisi ekutyeni, kumayeza, nakwiimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu. Baphucula i-viscosity kunye ne-rheological properties zezisombululo kunye ne-emulsions, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwemveliso kunye nokuthungwa.

Ukwenziwa kweFilimu: I-cellulose ethers inokwenza iifilimu eziguquguqukayo kunye nezicacileyo xa zihlakazwe emanzini okanye kwi-solvents eziphilayo. Ezi bhanyabhanya zifumana izicelo kwiinkqubo zokugquma, ukupakisha, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi.

Ukugcina Amanzi: Ubume be-hydrophilic be-cellulose ethers bubenza bakwazi ukufunxa kwaye bagcine amanzi, nto leyo ewenza abe zizongezo ezixabisekileyo kwizinto zokwakha ezifana nesamente, udaka kunye neemveliso zegypsum. Baphucula ukusebenza, ukunamathela, kunye nokuqina kwezi zixhobo.

Ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi: I-Cellulose ethers isetyenziswa kwimixube yoxubo njengezinto ezincedisayo ukulawula ukukhutshwa kwechiza, ukuphucula ukufumaneka kwezinto eziphilayo, kunye nokufihla incasa engathandekiyo okanye ivumba. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwiipilisi, iipilisi, i-ointments, kunye ne-suspension.

Ukuguqulwa komphezulu: I-ethers ye-cellulose inokuguqulwa ngokwekhemikhali ukwazisa amaqela asebenzayo anikezela iimpawu ezithile ezifana nomsebenzi we-antimicrobial, i-flame retardancy, okanye i-biocompatibility. Ezi ether ze-cellulose zilungisiwe zifumana usetyenziso kwiingubo ezikhethekileyo, amalaphu, kunye nezixhobo ze-biomedical.

6. Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye noZinzo:

I-cellulose ethers ithathwe kwimithombo evuselelekayo efana ne-pulp yeplanga, umqhaphu, okanye ezinye iintsinga zezityalo, ezibenza bazinze ngokwendalo. Ngaphaya koko, ziyakwazi ukubola kwaye azinatyhefu, zibeka umngcipheko omncinci wokusingqongileyo xa kuthelekiswa neepolima zokwenziwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-synthesis ye-cellulose ethers inokubandakanya ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali ezifuna ukulawulwa ngononophelo ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.

7. Iimbono zekamva:

Imfuno ye-cellulose ethers kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokukhula ngenxa yeepropathi zazo eziguquguqukayo kunye nendalo ehambelana nokusingqongileyo. Iinzame zophando eziqhubekayo zijolise ekuphuhliseni ii-ethers zeselulosi ezinoveli kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo, ukuqhubekeka okuphuculweyo, kunye neepropati ezilungiselelwe usetyenziso oluthile. Ngaphaya koko, ukudityaniswa kwee-cellulose ethers kubuchwephesha obuvelayo obunje ngoshicilelo lwe-3D, i-nanocomposites, kunye nezixhobo zebhayomedical kunesithembiso sokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nokufikelela kwimarike.

I-cellulose ethers imele udidi olubalulekileyo lweekhompawundi ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ezithatha amashishini amaninzi. Indibaniselwano yabo eyodwa yeepropathi, ukonakaliswa kwe-biodegradability, kunye nozinzo kubenza babe izithako eziyimfuneko kuluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye neenkqubo. Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwikhemistri ye-cellulose ether kunye netekhnoloji ikulungele ukuqhuba ukuqhubela phambili kunye nokuvula amathuba amatsha kwiminyaka ezayo.