Ama-admixtures adlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kodaka oluxutshwe olomile, kepha ukwengeza kodaka okuxubile kwenza izindleko zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zemikhiqizo yodaka eyomile ephakeme kakhulu kunaleyo ngodaka lwendabuko, olubikela ngaphezulu kwama-40% izindleko ezibonakalayo ngodaka oluxutshwe nodaka. Njengamanje, ingxenye enkulu yokuhlanganiswa ihlinzekwa ngabakhiqizi bakwamanye amazwe, kanye nemithamo yezethenjwa yomkhiqizo nayo ihlinzekwa ngumhlinzeki. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindleko zemikhiqizo yodaka eyomile ehlanganisiwe ihlala iphakeme, futhi kunzima ukuwadumisa ama-masonry ajwayelekile kanye nokufaka udaka ngodaka oluningi nezindawo eziningi eziningi; Imikhiqizo yemakethe ephelele ilawulwa yizinkampani zakwamanye amazwe, futhi abakhiqizi bomuntu obomile abaxubekile banenzuzo ephansi kanye nokubekezelelana kwentengo okungekuhle; Kukhona ukuntuleka kocwaningo ohlelekile noluhlosiwe ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi, kanti amafomula angaphandle alandelwa ngokungaboni.
Based on the above reasons, this paper analyzes and compares some basic properties of commonly used admixtures, and on this basis, studies the performance of dry-mixed mortar products using admixtures.
1. I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi
Umenzeli wokugcina amanzi ungumphikisi obalulekile wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka oluhlanganisiwe, futhi lungenye ye-admixtures ebalulekile ukuthola izindleko zezinto zodaka ezixubile.
1.1 cellulose ether
I-Cellulose Ether yigama elijwayelekile lochungechunge lwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-Alkali Cellulose kanye ne-ejenti ethembisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. I-Alkali Cellulose ithathelwa indawo ama-ejenti ahlukile aphelelisayo ukuthola izitha ze-cellulose ezihlukile. Ngokusho kwezakhiwo ze-Ionization zokufakaza kwabanye, ama-cellulose asher angahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: ionic (njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose) ne-nonic (njenge-methyl cellulose (efana ne-methyl cellulose). Ngokusho kohlobo lwe-substituent, i-cellulose ether ingahlukaniswa i-monoJe (njenge-methyl cellulose) futhi i-ether exubile (efana ne-hydroxypropylylyl methyl celtule). Ngokuya nge-solubity ehlukene, ingahlukaniswa inyumbazane yamanzi (efana ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kanye ne-organic solvent-soluble-soluble (njenge-ethyl cellulose), njll. ihlukaniswe ngohlobo olusheshayo futhi ingaphezulu liphathwe uhlobo lokuchitheka olubambezelekile.
Indlela yokwenza kwesenzo se-cellulose ether ngodaka kungokulandelayo:
. Izinhlayiya kanye nesendlalelo sefilimu yokugcoba zakhiwa ebusweni bayo bangaphandle, okwenza uhlelo lodaka luzinze ngokwengeziwe, futhi luthuthukise uketshezi lodaka ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxuba kanye nokushelela kokwakhiwa.
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1.1.1 ifomula yamangqamuzana ye-methyl cellulose (MC) [C6H7O2 (oh) 3-H (OCH3) N] x
Ngemuva kokuthi ukotini ocwengiwe kuphathwa nge-Alkali, ethertule Ether kukhiqizwa ngochungechunge lokuphendula nge-methane chloride njenge-ejenti yokuthezeka. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokufaka esikhundleni ngu-1.6 ~ 2.0, kanye ne-solubility futhi kwehlukile ngama-degree ahlukene wokufaka esikhundleni. Ingeye-ether engeyona eye-moulsose.
(1) I-methylcellulose incanela emanzini abandayo, futhi kuzoba nzima ukuncibilikisa emanzini ashisayo. Isixazululo sayo esinamanzi sizinzile kakhulu ebangeni le-PH = 3 ~ 12. Inokuhambisana okuhle nesitashi, isiGungu seGum, njll. Futhi ama-surfactants amaningi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela izinga lokushisa le-gelation, kwenzeka.
. Ngokuvamile, uma inani lokungeza likhulu, ubuciko buncane, futhi i-viscoty inkulu, inani lokugcina lamanzi liphezulu. Phakathi kwazo, inani lesengezo linomthelela omkhulu kunabo bonke emazingeni okugcinwa kwamanzi, futhi izinga lokubonana alifani ngqo nezinga lamazinga okugcina amanzi. Izinga lokuchithwa ikakhulukazi lincike ezingeni lokuguqulwa komhlaba kwezinhlayiya ze-celluLose kanye nezinhlayiyane izinhlayiyana. Phakathi kwalezi zithambekela ezingenhla kwe-cellulose, i-methyl cellulose ne-hydroxyprosell methyl cellulose zinamazinga aphezulu okugcina amanzi.
(3) Izinguquko zokushisa zizothinta kakhulu isilinganiso sokugcinwa kwamanzi se-methyl cellulose. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, elibi kakhulu nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Uma izinga lokushisa lodaka lidlula ama-40 ° C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, kuthinte kabi ukwakhiwa kodaka.
(4) I-methyl cellulose inomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni nasekunamathiselwe kodaka. I- "Adhesion" Lapha lapha ibhekisela kumandla anamathele azwakala phakathi kwethuluzi lomfakisicelo wesisebenzi kanye nodonga substrate, okungukuthi, ukumelana nokuncipha kodaka kodaka. Ukunamathelayo kuphakeme, ukumelana nokukhula kodaka kukhulu, futhi amandla afunwa yizisebenzi ezisezinhlelweni zokusebenzisa nawo akhulu, futhi ukusebenza kodaka kumpofu. I-Methyl celtulese anhesion isezingeni eliphakathi ku-Cellulose Ether Products.
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IHydroxypropyllylylyl Methylcellulose yinhlobonhlobo ye-cellulose imiphumela yayo nokusetshenziswa kwayo bekulokhu kukhula ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva. Kuyinto engekho-cellulose e-ether exubile eyenziwe kusuka kukotoni ecwengekile ngemuva kwe-alkalization, esebenzisa i-propelene oxide kanye ne-methyl chloride njenge-ejenti yokusheshisa, ngochungechunge lokuphendula. Izinga lokufakwa esikhundleni ngokuvamile i-1.2 ~ 2.0. Izakhiwo zalo zihlukile ngenxa yezilinganiso ezihlukile zokuqukethwe kwe-methoxyl nokuqukethwe kwe-hydroxypropyl.
. Kepha izinga lokushisa layo le-gelation emanzini ashisayo liphakeme kakhulu kunalelo ye-methyl cellulose. I-solubity emanzini abandayo nayo yathuthukiswa kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-methyl cellulose.
. Ukushisa futhi kuthinta ukubonakala kwayo, njengoba izinga lokushisa liyanda, ukuhlakanipha kuyancipha. Kodwa-ke, i-viscosity yayo ephezulu inomphumela ophansi wokushisa kune-methyl cellulose. Isixazululo saso sizinzile lapho zigcinwa emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.
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. Amanzi e-caustic kanye nama-lime anomthelela omncane ekusebenzeni kwawo, kepha u-Alkali angasheshisa ukuchitheka kwawo futhi akhuphule ukubonakala kwawo. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is stable to common salts, but when the concentration of salt solution is high, the viscosity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution tends to increase.
. Njengotshwala be-polyvinyl, isitashi ether, gum yemifino, njll.
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1.1.3 I-hydroxyyethylcellulose (HEC)
Kwenziwa ngokotoni ocwengekile ophathwe nge-alkali, futhi wasabela nge-ethylene oxide njenge-ejenti ye-ejenti phambi kwe-acetone. Izinga lokufaka esikhundleni ngokuvamile kungu-1.5 ~ 2.0. Ine-hydrophilicity eqinile futhi kulula ukumunca umswakama.
(1) I-HydroxYethyl celtulose iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, kepha kunzima ukuncibilikisa emanzini ashisayo. Isixazululo saso sizinzile ngokushisa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokugoba. Ingasetjenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu ngodaka, kepha ukugcinwa kwalo kwamanzi kuphansi kunalokho kwe-methyl cellulose.
. I-Alkali ingasheshisa ukuchithwa kwayo futhi yandise kancane ukubonakala kwayo. Ukungafani kwalo emanzini kubi kakhulu kunalokho kwe-methyl cellulose ne-hydroxypropylyly methyl cellulose. .
(3) I-HydroxYethyl cellulose inokusebenza okuhle kwe-anti-sag ngodaka, kepha inesikhathi eside sokubuyisa usimende.
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1.1.4 Carboxymethylcellellulose (CMC) [C6HWE2 (OH) 2OCH2COONA] N
I-ionic cellulose ether yenziwa kusuka kumicu yemvelo (ukotini, njll.) Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-sodium monochloroetate njenge-ejenti yeshevitha, futhi ibhekana nochungechunge lwezinto zokwelashwa. Izinga lokufaka esikhundleni ngokuvamile lingu-0.4 ~ 1.4, futhi ukusebenza kwalo kuthinteka kakhulu ngezinga lokufaka esikhundleni.
(1) I-carboxymethyl celtulose iyinhlahla nge-hygroscopic eyengeziwe, futhi izoqukatha amanzi amaningi lapho igcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula u-50 ° C, i-viscosity ayinakuphikwa.
(3) Ukuqina kwalo kuthinteka kakhulu ph. Ngokuvamile, ingasetshenziswa ku-gypsum osuselwa ku-gypsum, kepha hhayi ngodaka olususelwa kuso usimende. Lapho i-alkali kakhulu, ilahlekelwa ukubonakala.
(4) Ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kuphansi kakhulu kunalokho kwe-methyl cellulose. Inomphumela wokubuyisa emuva ku-gypsum osuselwa ku-gypsum futhi wehlise amandla ayo. Kodwa-ke, intengo ye-carboxymethyl celtulose iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo ye-methyl cellulose.
Isikhathi sePosi: Mar-30-2023