Obstract:
Imboni yezokwakha idlala indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni umhlaba wanamuhla, lapho usimende yindawo eyisisekelo yokwakha. Iminyaka, abacwaningi nonjiniyela baye baqhubeka nokubheka izindlela zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kukakhonkolo. I-avenue eyodwa ethembisayo ifaka ukungezelelwa kwezithasiselo, lapho kwakhiwa khona i-calcium eyenziwe ngayo isidlali esaziwayo.
Yethula:
Usimende uyingxenye ebucayi yokwakhiwa futhi kudinga ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo eziguqukayo zomkhakha. Ukungezwa kwezithangezo kufakazelwe ukuthi kuyicebo eliphumelelayo lokwenza ngcono izici ezahlukahlukene zikasimende. I-calcium yakha, okuyikhompiyutha ekhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-calcium oxide ne-formic acid, kudonsele ukunakwa ngamathuba ayo okuthuthukisa izakhiwo zikasimende. Lo mbhalo uhlose ukucacisa izindlela ezithinta kahle izindlela ezithinta kahle ikhwalithi yokumathela nokusebenza.
I-calcium yakha izakhiwo zamakhemikhali:
Ngaphambi kokukhetha emiphumeleni ye-calcium eyakha usimende, kubalulekile ukuqonda amakhemikhali alesi sengezo. I-calcium yakha yimpuphu emhlophe ye-crystalline ngefomula yamakhemikhali CA (HCOO) 2. Kungamanzi-kuncibilika futhi kunezakhiwo ze-hygroscopic. Inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele ye-calcium futhi yakha i-ion inika izakhiwo ezithile ezihlanganisiwe, okwenza ilungele izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuphuculwa kosimende.
Indlela:
Ukufakwa kwe-calcium ekwakheni ukuxutshwa kosimende kwethula izindlela eziningana eziba nomthelela ekusebenzeni ngcono. Enye indlela enkulu ifaka i-asheshise i-hydration. I-calcium yakha i-apps njenge-catalyst, ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwama-hydrate anjenge-calcium silicate hydrate (Csh) kanye ne-ettringite. Lokhu kusheshisa kuphumela ezikhathini zokuma ngokushesha kanye nokwanda kokuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuqala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-calcium yakha i-actions njengesayithi le-nucleation lokuthathwa kwe-hydrate, lithinta i-misfcucture ye-matrix kasimende. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuphumela ekusatshalalisweni kwe-hynser kanye ne-yunifomu eyunifomu ye-hydrate, kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuqina nokunciphisa ukuvumela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-calcium yakha ukubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-pozzolanic, lapho ihlangana khona nge-calcium hydroxide ukwakha eyengeziwe ye-csh gel. Lokhu kusabela akunasiphikisi kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kepha futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokubambezeleka kokubambezeleka kwe-ettringite (def), into engahlehlisa ukuqina kwesimende eside.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi kasimende:
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamandla Kwasekuqaleni:
Amandla we-calcium asungule ukusheshisa uCementydration ahumusha ekuthuthukisweni okukukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla okuqala. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuthola amaphrojekthi wokwakha lapho amandla edinga ukutholwa ngokushesha. Isikhathi esisheshisiwe esikhushulwe yi-calcium formate kungaholela ekususeni ifothothi esheshayo kanye nenqubekela phambili yokwakha esheshayo.
Ukuqina Okuthuthukisiwe:
I-calcium yakha yengezwa ukuze iguqule usimende missustruction, okuholela ezintweni ezihlala isikhathi eside. Ubuningi obukhulayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwama-hydrate kunikela ekuphikiseni ukwanda kokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali, ukufriza imijikelezo, nokugqoka. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kukasimende kuphathwe nge-calcium ekwakheka impilo yenkonzo ende.
Yehlisa ukuvumela:
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukuqina kukakhonkolo kungukulingisa kwayo. I-calcium yakha inciphisa ukuvumela ngokuthinta isakhiwo se-pore ye-matrix kasimende. Ukwakheka kwe-matrix emikhulu enama-pores amahle anemikhawulo yokunguma kwamanzi nezinto ezinolaka, ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise ukumelana kokhonkolo ukuwohloka.
Ukuncishiswa kwe-Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR):
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukwakha i-calcium kunganciphisa ingozi yokusabela kwe-alkali-silica, inqubo eyingozi engadala ukwakheka kwe-gel yokuvuvukala kanye nokuqhekeka ngokhonkolo. Ngokuthinta isakhiwo se-pore kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-slurry kasimende, ukwakha i-calcium kusiza ukunciphisa amandla okulimala okuhlobene ne-ASR.
Izithuthukisi zokusebenza:
Ukuqina Okuthuthukisiwe:
Umphumela we-calcium ekwakhekile ku-Cement Hydration unomthelela omuhle ekusebenzeni kokhonkolo okusha. Isikhathi esibekiwe esibekiwe kanye nama-kinetics we-hydration athuthukisiwe asiza ukuthuthukisa izici zokugeleza, abe lula ukubekwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokhonkolo. Lokhu kuzuzisa ikakhulukazi lapho ukuthelwa kalula ukubekwa kubalulekile.
Ukulawulwa kokushisa:
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-calcium okwakha usimende kusiza ukunciphisa imiphumela yokushisa okwedlulele ngesikhathi senqubo yokulapha. Ukusheshisa Izikhathi Izikhathi eziholela ekwakhekeni kwe-calcium kungasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla futhi kunciphise ubungozi bokhonkolo ezinkingeni ezihlobene nokushisa njengokuqhekeka okushisayo okufana nokuqhekeka okushisayo.
Ukucatshangelwa kokuqina:
I-calcium yakha inezakhiwo ezihlangabezana nezinhloso zokusimandla embonini yezokwakha. Ukuvuselelwa kwayo kwe-pozzolanic kusiza ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha imfucuza, futhi umthelela wayo ekunciphiseni nasekude kunakho ekunciphiseni okuphelele kwemithelela yezemvelo ehambisana nokulungisa ukwakhiwa kabusha nokulungisa izakhiwo zokuguga.
IZINSELELE NOKUFUNDA:
Ngenkathi izinzuzo zokufaka i-calcium efaka usimende zicacile, zingaba nezinselelo kanye nemikhawulo. Lokhu kungafaka izindleko ezandayo, ukusebenzisana okungenzeka nezinye izingxube, kanye nesidingo sokulawulwa komthamo ngokucophelela ukugwema imiphumela emibi. Ngokwengeziwe, ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside nokuqina kwe-calcium ephathwa ukhonkolo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zemvelo kuvulwa ezinye izifundo zenkambu.
Ekuphetheni:
Ukufaka i-calcium efaka usimende kuyindlela ethembisayo yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwalezi zinto zokwakha ezibalulekile. Ngendlela yayo yesenzo esisetshenzisiwe, i-calcium yakha isheshisa i-hydration, ithuthukisa i-micructure, inomthelela ehlukahlukene yezakhiwo ezifiselekayo, kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuqina okuthuthukile kanye nokuqina okuncishisiwe kanye nokuqina okuncishisiwe kanye nokuqina okuncishisiwe kanye nokuqina okuncishisiwe kanye nokuqina okuncishisiwe kanye nokuqina okuncishisiwe. Njengoba imboni yezokwakha iyaqhubeka nokuvela, indima yezithasiselo ezinjenge-calcium ekwakheka ekwakheni i-Centmer Properties kungenzeka ukuthi ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqhubeka kokucwaninga nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo ngokungangabazeki kuzokwembulela ukusetshenziswa okugcwele okukhona nokusetshenziswa kahle kwe-calcium ekwakhekeni ekwakhiweni kosimende, kuvula indlela yezinhlaka ezikhuthazayo nezinzile.
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-05-2023