Ulwazi lwamakhemikhali Incazelo nomehluko we-fiber, i-cellulose kanye ne-cellulose ether

I-Fibre:

Ingqondo, ngomongo we-chemistry kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha, kusho isigaba sezinto zokwakha ezazibonakala ngesakhiwo sazo eside, sentambo. Lezi zinto zokwenziwa zakhiwa ama-polymers, ama-molecule amakhulu akhiwa ngamayunithi aphindaphindwayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-monomers. Imicu ingaba yemvelo noma yokwenziwa, futhi ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kufaka phakathi izindwangu, izinhlanganisela kanye ne-biomedicine.

Imicu yemvelo isuselwa ezitshalweni, ezilwaneni, noma amaminerali. Izibonelo zifaka ukotini, uvolo, usilika, ne-asbestos. Ngokwenziwe imicu yokwenziwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yenziwa kusuka ezintweni zamakhemikhali ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezinjenge-polymerization. I-Nylon, i-polyester, kanye ne-acrylic izibonelo ezivamile zemicu yokwenziwa.

Endaweni ye-Chemistry, igama elithi "fiber" ngokujwayelekile lisho isici sesakhiwo sezinto ezibonakalayo kunokuba khemikhali lwamakhemikhali. Imicu ibonakala ngesilinganiso sabo esiphakeme esiphakeme, okusho ukuthi yinde kakhulu kunalokho ababanzi. Lesi sakhiwo esiphakeme sidlulisela izakhiwo ezinjengamandla, ukuguquguquka, nokuqina kokuqukethwe, okwenza imicu ibaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene ezisukela ekugqokeni ukuze kuqiniswe ngezingubo ezinhlanganisweni.

Cellulose:

CelluloseIngabe i-polysaccharide, ewuhlobo lwe-carbohydrate ehlanganiswe namaketanga amade amamolekyuli kashukela. I-polymer ephakeme kakhulu ye-organ emhlabeni futhi isebenza njengengxenye yesakhiwo ezindongeni zeseli zezitshalo. Amakhemikhali, iselula aqukethe amayunithi aphindaphindwayo e-glucose axhumeke ndawonye ngamabhondi angu-β-1,4-glycosidic.

Ukwakheka kwe-cellulose kumnandi kakhulu, ngama-molecule e-cellulose ngamunye avumelana nawo kuma-microfibrils ahlanganisa okwengeziwe ukwakha izakhiwo ezinkulu njengemicu. Le micu ihlinzeka ngokusekelwa okwakhayo ekutshaleni amaseli, ibanikeze ukuqina namandla. Ngaphezu kwendima yayo ezitshalweni, i-cellulose futhi iyingxenye enkulu ye-fiber yokudla etholakala ezitsheni, imifino kanye nezinhlamvu. Abantu abanawo ama-enzyme adingekayo ukudiliza iselula, ngakho-ke kudlula ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, kusiza ukugaya kanye nokukhuthaza impilo yamathumbu.

I-cellulose inezicelo eziningi zezimboni ngenxa yokuchichima kwayo, ukuvuselelwa, kanye nezakhiwo ezifiselekayo ezifana ne-biodegramability, i-biocomsuty, namandla. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamaphepha, izindwangu, izinto zokwakha, kanye nama-biofuel.

I-Cellulose Ether:

I-Cellulose Afersyiqembu lamakhemikhali amakhemikhali asuselwa ku-cellulose ngokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuhilela ukwethulwa kwamaqembu asebenzayo, njenge-hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, noma i-carboxymethyl, ungene kwi-cellulose backbone. I-cellulose tallosether eholele ezinye zezinto ezicijile ze-cellulose ngenkathi kukhombisa izakhiwo ezintsha ezinikezwe amaqembu asebenzayo afakiwe.

Enye yokwehluka okusemqoka phakathi kwe-cellulose kanye ne-cellulose afers etholakala kwizakhiwo zabo ze-solubity. Ngenkathi i-cellulose ingena emanzini futhi iningi le-organic solvents, izimpikiswano ze-cellulose zivame ukuncibilikisa amanzi noma zibukisa nge-solubity ethuthukisiwe kuma-organic solvents. Lokhu kusongela kwenza izinto eziguquguqukayo zeTellose Talers zinezicelo eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezimbonini ezinjengezimboni, ukudla, izimonyo kanye nokwakha.

Izibonelo ezijwayelekile ze-cellulose iziphotha zifaka i-methyl cellulose (MC), i-Hydroxypropylllose (HPC), kanye ne-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Lezi zinhlaka zisetshenziswa njengabakhulu, ama-beinders, abaqinisi, kanye nama-ejenti akha amafilimu ezingubeni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, i-CMC isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni yokudla njengomenzeli wokuqina kanye ne-emulsifier, kuyilapho i-HPC isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwemithi yokukhishwa kwezidakamizwa okulawulwayo.

I-Fibre isho izinto zokwenziwa ngesakhiwo eside, esifana nentambo, i-cellulose iyi-polymer yemvelo etholakala ezindongeni zeseli zezitshalo, futhi izithambiso ze-cellulose zitholwa ngamakhemikhali ama-derivatives ahlukahlukene wezicelo zezimboni. Ngenkathi i-cellulose ihlinzeka ngohlaka lwesakhiwo sezitshalo futhi isebenza njengomthombo we-fiber diber, i-cellulose taiser anikela nge-solubility futhi ithole ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezimboni ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile.