1.I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)iyi-ether ye-cellulose ebalulekile, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni, kwezemithi, ekudleni, kwezimonyo nakweminye imikhakha. I-HPMC inokuqina okuhle, ukwakheka kwefilimu, i-emulsifying, ukumiswa kanye nezindawo zokugcina amanzi, ngakho idlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-HPMC kuncike kakhulu ezinqubweni zokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka kwe-biotechnology, izindlela zokukhiqiza ezisekelwe ekuvubeleni kwe-microbial nazo seziqalile ukudonsa ukunaka.
2. Umgomo wokukhiqiza ukuvutshelwa kwe-HPMC
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-HPMC yendabuko isebenzisa i-cellulose yemvelo njengempahla eluhlaza futhi ikhiqizwa izindlela zamakhemikhali ezifana ne-alkalization, i-etherification kanye nokucwengwa. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo ihilela inani elikhulu lama-solvents eziphilayo kanye nama-reagents amakhemikhali, anomthelela omkhulu emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kokuvutshelwa kwe-microbial ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-cellulose futhi kuthuthukiswe i-etherify sekube yindlela yokukhiqiza evumelana nemvelo futhi esimeme.
I-Microbial synthesis of cellulose (BC) ibe yisihloko esishisayo eminyakeni yamuva nje. Amagciwane ahlanganisa i-Komagataeibacter (njenge-Komagataeibacter xylinus) kanye ne-Gluconacetobacter angahlanganisa ngokuqondile i-high-purity cellulose ngokuvutshelwa. Lawa magciwane asebenzisa i-glucose, i-glycerol noma enye imithombo ye-carbon njengama-substrates, abilisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, futhi akhiqize ama-nanofibers e-cellulose. I-cellulose yebhaktheriya ewumphumela ingashintshwa ibe yi-HPMC ngemva kokuguqulwa kwe-hydroxypropyl kanye ne-methylation.
3. Inqubo yokukhiqiza
3.1 Inqubo yokuvutshelwa kwe-cellulose yebhaktheriya
Ukwenziwa kahle kwenqubo yokuvutshelwa kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono isivuno kanye nekhwalithi ye-cellulose yebhaktheriya. Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zimi kanje:
Ukuhlolwa kwezinkinga nokutshala: Khetha izinhlobo ze-cellulose ezikhiqiza kakhulu, njenge-Komagataeibacter xylinus, ukuze zifuywe futhi zisetshenziswe ngokugcwele.
Indawo yokuvubela: Nikeza ngemithombo yekhabhoni (iglucose, i-sucrose, i-xylose), imithombo ye-nitrogen (imvubelo ekhishwe, i-peptone), usawoti we-inorganic (ama-phosphates, usawoti we-magnesium, njll.) kanye nezilawuli (i-acetic acid, i-citric acid) ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-cellulose.
Ukulawulwa kwesimo sokuvutshelwa: okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa (28-30℃), i-pH (4.5-6.0), ileveli ye-oxygen encibilikile (isiko elinyakazayo noma elimile), njll.
Ukuqoqwa nokuhlanzwa: Ngemva kokuvutshelwa, i-cellulose yebhaktheriya iqoqwa ngokuhlunga, ukuwashwa, ukomiswa nezinye izinyathelo, futhi amagciwane ayizinsalela nokunye ukungcola kuyasuswa.
3.2 Ukuguqulwa kwe-Hydroxypropyl methylation ye-cellulose
I-cellulose yebhaktheriya etholiwe idinga ukuguqulwa amakhemikhali ukuze inikeze izici ze-HPMC. Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zimi kanje:
Ukwelashwa kwe-alkaliization: cwilisa ngenani elifanele lesisombululo se-NaOH ukuze unwebe iketango le-cellulose futhi uthuthukise umsebenzi wokusabela we-etherification elandelayo.
Ukusabela kwe-Etherification: ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokushisa nezimo ezikhuthazayo, engeza i-propylene oxide (hydroxypropylation) ne-methyl chloride (methylation) esikhundleni seqembu le-cellulose hydroxyl ukwakha i-HPMC.
I-neutralization kanye nokucwengisiswa: nciphisa nge-asidi ngemva kokusabela ukuze ususe ama-reagents amakhemikhali angaphenduliwe, futhi uthole umkhiqizo wokugcina ngokuwasha, ukusefa nokomisa.
Ukuchotshozwa nokugreda: choboza i-HPMC ibe yizinhlayiya ezihlangabezana nokucaciswayo, futhi uyibuke futhi uyipakishe ngokwamabanga ahlukene e-viscosity.
4. Ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile namasu okuthuthukisa
Ukuthuthukiswa kobunzima: thuthukisa isivuno se-cellulose kanye nekhwalithi ngokusebenzisa ubunjiniyela bofuzo bezinhlobo ezincane ze-microbial.
Ukulungiswa kwenqubo yokuvutshelwa: sebenzisa ama-bioreactors ukulawula okuguquguqukayo ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose.
Inqubo ye-etherification eluhlaza: nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinyibilikisi eziphilayo futhi kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe be-etherification obuvumelana nemvelo, njengokuguqulwa kwe-enzyme catalytic.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo: ngokuhlaziya idigri yokushintshanisa, ukunyibilika, i-viscosity nezinye izinkomba ze-HPMC, qinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza.
I-fermentation-basedI-HPMCindlela yokukhiqiza inezinzuzo zokuba ivuseleleke, ivumelane nemvelo futhi isebenze kahle, ehambisana nokuthambekela kwamakhemikhali aluhlaza kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo. Ngokuthuthuka kwe-biotechnology, lobu buchwepheshe kulindeleke ukuthi bushintshe kancane kancane izindlela zamakhemikhali endabuko futhi bukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-HPMC emikhakheni yezokwakha, ukudla, imithi, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-11-2025