Ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

I-Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)iyi-polymer encibilika emanzini esebenza ngezindlela eziningi etholakala ku-cellulose, okuyi-polysaccharide yemvelo etholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezitshalo. I-CMC ithola izicelo ezibanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukudla, ezemithi, izimonyo, izindwangu, iphepha, nezinye eziningi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile njengokujiya, ukuzinza, ukubopha, ukwenza ifilimu, nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ukulungiswa kwe-CMC kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa kusukela ekukhishweni kwe-cellulose emithonjeni yemvelo okulandelwa ukuguqulwa kwayo ukuze yethule amaqembu e-carboxymethyl.

1. Ukukhishwa kweCellulose:
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokulungiselela i-CMC ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose emithonjeni yemvelo efana ne-pulp yezinkuni, ama-linters kakotini, noma eminye imicu yezitshalo. I-cellulose ivame ukutholakala ngochungechunge lwezinqubo ezihlanganisa ukudonsa, ukuhlanza, nokuhlanza. Isibonelo, i-pulp yezinkuni ingatholakala ngezinqubo zokudonsa ngomshini noma zamakhemikhali ezilandelwa ukuxubha nge-chlorine noma i-hydrogen peroxide ukususa ukungcola kanye ne-lignin.

2. Ukusebenza kweCellulose:
Uma i-cellulose isikhishiwe, idinga ukwenziwa isebenze ukuze kube lula ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-carboxymethyl. Ukwenza kusebenze kuvame ukufezwa ngokwelapha i-cellulose nge-alkali njenge-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) noma i-sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo zokushisa nengcindezi. Ukwelashwa kwe-alkali kukhukhumeza imicu ye-cellulose futhi kukhuphule ukusebenza kabusha kwawo ngokuphula amabhondi e-hydrogen angaphakathi ne-intermolecular.

3. Ukusabela kwe-Carboxymethylation:
I-cellulose ecushiwe bese ingaphansi kokusabela kwe-carboxymethylation lapho amaqembu e-carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) ethulwa emaqenjini e-hydroxyl amaketango e-cellulose. Lokhu kusabela ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokusabela ku-cellulose ecushiwe nge-sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) phambi kwe-alkaline catalyst efana ne-sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Ukusabela kungamelwa kanje:

I-Cellulose + I-Chloroacetic Acid → I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose + NaCl

Izimo zokusabela ezihlanganisa izinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokusabela, ukugxiliswa kwama-reagents, kanye ne-pH kulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivuno esikhulu kanye nezinga elifiswayo lokushintshwa (DS) elibhekisela enanini elimaphakathi lamaqembu e-carboxymethyl ethulwe ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose yochungechunge lwe-cellulose.

4. Ukungathathi hlangothi kanye Nokugeza:
Ngemuva kokusabela kwe-carboxymethylation, i-carboxymethyl cellulose ewumphumela iyancipha ukuze isuse i-alkali eyeqile kanye ne-chloroacetic acid engaphenduliwe. Lokhu ngokuvamile kufinyelelwa ngokugeza umkhiqizo ngamanzi noma isixazululo se-asidi ehlanjululwe kulandelwa ukuhlunga ukuze kuhlukaniswe i-CMC eqinile nengxube yokusabela.

5. Ukuhlanzwa:
I-CMC ehlanziwe bese igezwa ngamanzi izikhathi eziningi ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okufana nosawoti, izinto ezivuselelayo ezingaphenduliwe, kanye nemikhiqizo. Ukuhlunga noma ukufaka i-centrifugation kungase kusetshenziswe ukwehlukanisa i-CMC ehlanziwe emanzini okugeza.

6. Ukomisa:
Ekugcineni, i-carboxymethyl cellulose ehlanzekile yomiswa ukuze isuse umswakama osele futhi ithole umkhiqizo owufunayo ngendlela yempushana eyomile noma ama-granules. Ukomisa kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene njengokumisa komoya, ukomisa nge-vacuum, noma ukomiswa ngokufutha kuye ngezici ezifunwayo zomkhiqizo wokugcina.

7. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlamvu nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi:
OmisiweI-CMCumkhiqizo ungaphansi kwamasu ahlukahlukene okulinganisa afana ne-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), i-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), kanye nezilinganiso ze-viscosity ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali, izinga lokushintshwa kwawo, isisindo samangqamuzana, nobumsulwa. Ukuhlolwa kokulawula ikhwalithi nakho kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezicaciso ezidingekayo zezinhlelo zawo ezihlosiwe.

ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezihlanganisa ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose emithonjeni yemvelo, ukusebenza, ukusabela kwe-carboxymethylation, ukungathathi hlangothi, ukuhlanzwa, ukomiswa, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlamvu. Isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukulawula ngokucophelela izimo zokusabela kanye nemingcele ukuze kuzuzwe isivuno esikhulu, izinga elifiswayo lokushintshwa, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. I-CMC iyipolymer esetshenziswa kabanzi enezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile kanye nokuguquguquka.