Ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)Ingabe i-polymer eguquguqukayo enamanzi ethathwe ku-cellulose, okuyinto yemvelo ye-polysaccharide etholakala ezindongeni zeseli zezitshalo. I-CMC ithola izicelo ezibanzi kwizimboni ezahlukahlukene kufaka phakathi ukudla, amakhambi, izimonyo, izindwangu, iphepha, nabanye abaningi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile njengokuqina, ukubopha amafilimu, nokugcina amanzi. Ukulungiswa kwe-CMC kufaka izinyathelo eziningana eziqala kusuka ekukhishweni kweselula emithonjeni yemvelo elandelwa ukuguqulwa kwayo ukwethula amaqembu e-carboxymethyl.

1. Ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose:
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokulungiselela i-CMC ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose kusuka kwimithombo yemvelo efana ne-solip pulp, amabutho ekotini, noma ezinye izicucu zezitshalo. I-cellulose ngokuvamile itholakala ngochungechunge lwezinqubo okubandakanya ukuphahlazeka, ukubhoboza, nokuhlanzwa. Isibonelo, i-solip yokhuni ingatholwa ngezinqubo zokwenziwa kwemishini noma zamakhemikhali ezilandelwa ukugcwala nge-chlorine noma i-hydrogen peroxide ukususa ukungcola kanye ne-lignin.

2. Ukwenza kusebenze i-cellulose:
Lapho sekukhishwe i-cellulose, idinga ukwenziwa kwenziwe ngokwenza lula ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-carboxymethyl. Ukwenza kusebenze kuvame ukufinyelelwa ngokwelashwa nge-cellulose nge-alkali efana ne-sodium hydroxide (NAOH) noma i-sodium carbonate (NA2CO3) ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo zokushisa nokucindezela. Ukwelapha i-Alkali ukuvuvukala imicu ye-cellulose futhi kwandise ukuvumelanisa kwabo ngokuphula izibopho ze-intra kanye ne-intermolecular hydrogen.

I-3. I-Carboxmethylation reaction:
I-cellulose ecushiwe bese ifakwa ngaphansi kokusabela kwe-carboxmethylation lapho amaqembu e-carboxymethyl (-ch2cooh) angeniswa khona emaqenjini ama-hydroxy. Lokhu kusabela kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuphendula iselula ecushiwe nge-sodium monochlororetate (i-SMCA) phambi kwe-alkaline catalyst efana ne-sodium hydroxide (NAOH). Ukuphendula kungavezwa kanjena:

Cellulose + chlororoacetic acid → carboxymethyl cellulose + nacl

Izimo zokuphendula ezifaka izinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokuphendula, ukugxila kwama-reagents, futhi i-ph ilawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivuno esiphakeme kanye ne-degree ephezulu yokufaka esikhundleni (DS) okubhekiselwa kwinani eliphakathi lamaqembu e-calvucose.

4. Ukungathathi hlangothi nokugeza:
Ngemuva kwe-carboxmetylation reaction, i-carboxyboxyleyll akhawulelwe ayithathi hlangothi ukuze isuse i-alkali ene-alkali ne-chlorocto Lokhu kuvame ukutholwa ngokugeza umkhiqizo ngamanzi noma isixazululo se-asidi esine-asidi esilandelwa ukufombula ukuhlukanisa i-CMC eqinile kusuka kunhlanganisela yokuphendula.

5. Ukuhlanza:
I-CMC ehlanziwe iyagezwa ngamanzi amahlandla amaningi ukususa ukungcola okufana nosawoti, ama-reagents angavuthiwe, nemikhiqizo. I-FILTRATION noma i-Centrifugation ingaqashwa ukuhlukanisa i-CMC ehlanziwe ngamanzi okugeza.

6. Ukomisa:
Ekugcineni, i-carboxybox melose ye-carboxywoose ehlanziwe yomiswa ukususa umswakama oseleyo futhi uthole umkhiqizo owuthandayo ngendlela ye-powder eyomile noma ama-granule. Ukomisa kungafezwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezifana nokomisa komoya, ukomisa, noma kufafaza ukomisa kuye ngezimpawu ezifunwayo zomkhiqizo wokugcina.

7. Isimo nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi:
OwomileCmUmkhiqizo ufakwa ngaphansi kwamasu ahlukahlukene abonisa ukuguqulwa okufana ne-infyroscopy (FTIR), ama-nmr magnetic resonance (NMR), kanye nezilinganiso zokuvuselela ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izinga lokufakwa esikhundleni, isikhundla se-molecular, kanye nobumsulwa. Ukuhlolwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi nakho kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nemininingwane edingekayo yezinhlelo zawo ezihlosiwe.

Ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl celtulose kubandakanya izinyathelo eziningana kufaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose kusuka kwimithombo yemvelo, kusebenze, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-carboxmethylation, ukuhlanzwa, ukumiswa, ukomisa, kanye nokomisa. Isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kwezimo zokuphendula kanye namapharamitha ukufezekisa isivuno esikhulu, izinga elifunwayo lokufaka esikhundleni, nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. I-CMC iyi-polymer esetshenziswe kabanzi enezicelo ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile nokusebenza okuhlukahlukene.