I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (eyaziwa nangokuthi: i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl cellulose,I-CMC, Carboxymethyl, Cellulose Sodium, Sodium salt of Caboxy Methyl Cellulose) iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi inani elikhulu kunawo wonke elisetshenziswa emhlabeni namuhla izinhlobo ze-cellulose.
I-CMC-Na ngamafuphi, iphuma ku-cellulose ene-glucose polymerization degree engu-100-2000, kanye nesisindo samangqamuzana esihlobene esingu-242.16. Impushana emhlophe noma i-granular. Ayinaphunga, ayinambitheki, ayinambitheki, ayinambitheki, ayincibiliki kumakhemikhali aphilayo.
Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo
1. Isakhiwo se-molecule ye-sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Yaqala ukukhiqizwa yiJalimane ngo-1918, futhi yayinelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1921 futhi yavela emhlabeni. Ukukhiqizwa kwezohwebo selokhu kwafinyelelwa eYurophu. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuwumkhiqizo ongahluziwe kuphela, owawusetshenziswa njenge-colloid ne-binder. Kusukela ngo-1936 kuya ku-1941, ucwaningo lokusetshenziswa kwezimboni lwe-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose lwalusebenza kakhulu, futhi kwasungulwa amalungelo obunikazi amaningana akhuthazayo. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, iJalimane yasebenzisa i-sodium carboxymethylcellulose kuzihlanzi zokwenziwa. I-Hercules yenza i-sodium carboxymethylcellulose okokuqala ngqa e-United States ngo-1943, futhi yakhiqiza i-sodium carboxymethylcellulose ecolisisiwe ngo-1946, eyaqashelwa njengesengezo sokudla esiphephile. izwe lami laqala ukulisebenzisa ngeminyaka yawo-1970, futhi lalisetshenziswa kakhulu ngawo-1990. Isetshenziswa kabanzi futhi iyinani elikhulu kakhulu le-cellulose emhlabeni namuhla.
Ifomula yesakhiwo: C6H7O2 (OH) 2OCH2COONA Ifomula yemolekyuli: C8H11O7Na
Lo mkhiqizo usawoti we-sodium we-cellulose carboxymethyl ether, i-anionic fiber
2. Ukubukeka kwe-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Lo mkhiqizo usawoti we-sodium we-cellulose carboxymethyl ether, i-anionic cellulose ether, impushana emhlophe noma emhlophe emhlophe noma i-granule, ukuminyana 0.5-0.7 g/cm3, cishe ayinaphunga, ayinambitheki, i-hygroscopic. Kulula ukuhlakazeka emanzini ukwenza isixazululo se-colloidal esobala, futhi ayincibiliki ezincibilikilweni zemvelo njenge-ethanol [1]. I-pH ye-aqueous solution engu-1% ingu-6.5-8.5, lapho i-pH>10 noma <5, i-viscosity ye-mucilage iyancipha kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kuba kuhle kakhulu uma i-pH=7. Izinzile ekushiseni, i-viscosity ikhuphuka ngokushesha ngaphansi kuka-20°C, futhi ishintsha kancane ku-45°C. Ukushisa isikhathi eside ngaphezu kuka-80°C kungashintsha i-colloid futhi kunciphise ngokuphawulekayo i-viscosity nokusebenza. Incibilika kalula emanzini, futhi isisombululo sisobala; izinzile kakhulu kusisombululo se-alkaline, kodwa i-hydrolyzed kalula uma ihlangana ne-asidi, futhi izokwehla lapho inani le-pH liyi-2-3, futhi izophinde isabele ngosawoti wensimbi oyi-polyvalent.
Inhloso eyinhloko
Isetshenziswa njenge-thickener embonini yokudla, njengomthwali wezidakamizwa embonini yezemithi, futhi njenge-binder kanye ne-ejenti ephikisana nokubuyisela kabusha embonini yamakhemikhali yansuku zonke. Embonini yokunyathelisa nokudaya, isetshenziswa njenge-colloid evikelayo yama-ejenti okulinganisa kanye nokunamathisela okuphrinta. Embonini ye-petrochemical, ingasetshenziswa njengengxenye yoketshezi lokubuyisela uwoyela we-fracturing. [2]
Ukungahambisani
I-sodium carboxymethylcellulose ayihambisani nezixazululo ze-asidi eqinile, usawoti wensimbi oncibilikayo, nezinye izinsimbi ezifana ne-aluminium, i-mercury, ne-zinc. Uma i-pH ingaphansi kuka-2, futhi lapho ixutshwa ne-ethanol engu-95%, imvula izokwenzeka.
I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ingakha ama-co-agglomerates ne-gelatin kanye ne-pectin, futhi ingakha ama-complexes ane-collagen, engangenisa amaprotheni athile akhokhiswe kahle.
umsebenzi wezandla
I-CMC imvamisa iyinhlanganisela ye-anionic polymer elungiswa ngokuphendula i-cellulose yemvelo nge-caustic alkali ne-monochloroacetic acid, enesisindo samangqamuzana esingu-6400 (±1 000). Imikhiqizo eyinhloko yi-sodium chloride ne-sodium glycolate. I-CMC ingeyokuguqulwa kwe-cellulose yemvelo. Inhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (i-FAO) kanye neNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (i-WHO) bayibize ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi “i-cellulose eguquliwe”.
Izinkomba eziyinhloko zokukala ikhwalithi ye-CMC yi-degree of substitution (DS) nobumsulwa. Ngokuvamile, izakhiwo ze-CMC zihlukile uma i-DS ihlukile; izinga lokushintsha liphakeme, kuqina ukuncibilika, kanye nokuba sobala nokuzinza kwesixazululo. Ngokwemibiko, ukucaca kwe-CMC kungcono uma izinga lokushintshwa liyi-0.7-1.2, futhi i-viscosity yesisombululo sayo esinamanzi inkulu kakhulu lapho inani le-pH liyi-6-9. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yayo, ngaphezu kokukhethwa komenzeli wokufaka i-etherification, ezinye izici ezithinta izinga lokushintsha nobumsulwa nazo kufanele zicatshangelwe, njengobudlelwane phakathi kwenani le-alkali ne-etherification ejenti, isikhathi sokufaka i-etherification, okuqukethwe kwamanzi uhlelo, izinga lokushisa, inani le-pH, isixazululo Ukugxila kanye nosawoti njll.
isimo sezwe samanje
Ukuze kuxazululwe ukushoda kwezinto ezingavuthiwe (ukotini ocolisisiwe owenziwe ngamalitha kakotini), eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezinye izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi ezweni lami zibambisene namabhizinisi ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokuphelele utshani berayisi, ukotini obugayiwe (ukotini owudoti), kanye nezinselele zikabhontshisi. ukukhiqiza i-CMC ngempumelelo. Izindleko zokukhiqiza zehliswa kakhulu, okuvula umthombo omusha wezinto ezingavuthiwe zokukhiqizwa kwezimboni ze-CMC futhi kuqashelwe ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinsiza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindleko zokukhiqiza ziyancipha, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-CMC ithuthukela ekunembeni okuphezulu. Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwe-CMC lugxile kakhulu ekuguqulweni kobuchwepheshe obukhona bokukhiqiza kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, kanye nemikhiqizo emisha ye-CMC enezakhiwo ezihlukile, njengenqubo “yendlela yokuncibilika kwe-slurry” [3] eye yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo. phesheya futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi. Kukhiqizwa uhlobo olusha lwe-CMC eguquliwe enozinzo oluphezulu. Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokushintshaniswa kanye nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo okufanayo kwezinto ezibambile, ingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinkambu zokukhiqiza zezimboni nasezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusetshenziswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zenqubo ephakeme. Emazweni ngamazwe, lolu hlobo olusha lwe-CMC eguquliwe lubizwa nangokuthi “i-polyanionic cellulose (PAC, Poly anionic cellulose)”.
ukuphepha
Ukuphepha okuphezulu, i-ADI ayidingi imithethonqubo, futhi izindinganiso zikazwelonke zenziwe [4].
isicelo
Lo mkhiqizo unemisebenzi yokubopha, ukuqina, ukuqinisa, ukufaka i-emulsifying, ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokumiswa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CMC ekudleni
I-FAO kanye ne-WHO igunyaze ukusetshenziswa kwe-CMC emsulwa ekudleni. Yavunywa ngemva kocwaningo nokuhlolwa okuqinile kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nobuthi. Ukudla okuphephile (ADI) kwezinga lamazwe ngamazwe ngu-25mg/(kg·d) , okusho ukuthi cishe u-1.5 g/d ngomuntu ngamunye. Kuye kwabikwa ukuthi abanye abantu abazange babe nokusabela okunobuthi lapho ukudla kufinyelela ku-10 kg. I-CMC ayiyona nje kuphela i-emulsification stabilizer ne-thickener ezinhle ekufakweni kokudla, kodwa futhi inokuqina okuhle kakhulu kokuqandisa nokuncibilika, futhi ingathuthukisa ukunambitheka komkhiqizo futhi yandise isikhathi sokugcina. Inani elisetshenziswa obisini lwesoya, u-ayisikhilimu, u-ayisikhilimu, ijeli, iziphuzo, namathini cishe li-1% kuya ku-1.5%. I-CMC ingase futhi yakhe ukuhlakazeka okuqinile kwe-emulsified ngoviniga, isoso yesoya, amafutha emifino, ijusi yezithelo, umhluzi, ijusi yemifino, njll., kanti umthamo ngu-0.2% kuya ku-0.5%. Ikakhulukazi, inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-emulsifying kwamafutha ezilwane nemifino, amaprotheni kanye nezixazululo ezinamanzi, okuyenza ikwazi ukwakha i-emulsion ye-homogeneous ngokusebenza okuzinzile. Ngenxa yokuphepha nokuthembeka kwayo, umthamo wayo awunqunyelwe yi-ADI ejwayelekile yenhlanzeko yokudla. I-CMC ithuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo emkhakheni wokudla, kanti nocwaningo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium carboxymethylcellulose ekukhiqizeni iwayini nalo lwenziwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CMC kwezokwelapha
Embonini yezemithi, ingasetshenziswa njenge-emulsion stabilizer yokujova, i-binder kanye ne-ejenti eyenza ifilimu yamaphilisi. Abanye abantu bafakazele ukuthi i-CMC iwumthwali wezidakamizwa ezilwa nomdlavuza ophephile futhi othembekile ngokuhlolwa okuyisisekelo nokwezilwane. Kusetshenziswa i-CMC njengolwelwesi lwe-membrane, uhlobo lwesithamo olulungisiwe lomuthi wendabuko waseShayina i-Yangyin Shengji Powder, i-Yangyin Shengji Membrane, lungasetshenziselwa amanxeba okuhlinzwa kwe-dermabrasion kanye namanxeba abuhlungu. Ucwaningo lwemodeli yezilwane lubonise ukuthi ifilimu ivimbela ukutheleleka kwesilonda futhi ayinakho umehluko obalulekile ekugqokeni kwe-gauze. Mayelana nokulawula ukukhishwa koketshezi lwezicubu zesilonda kanye nokuphulukiswa kwesilonda ngokushesha, le filimu ingcono kakhulu kunezingubo ze-gauze, futhi inomphumela wokunciphisa i-edema yangemva kokuhlinzwa nokucasuka kwesilonda. Ukulungiswa kwefilimu okwenziwe nge-polyvinyl alcohol: i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: i-polycarboxyethylene ngesilinganiso esingu-3: 6: 1 iyincwadi kadokotela engcono kakhulu, futhi izinga lokunamathela kanye nokukhulula kokubili kunyuswa. Ukunamathela kokulungiswa, isikhathi sokuhlala sokulungiswa emgodini womlomo kanye nokusebenza komuthi ekulungiseleleni konke kuthuthukisiwe kakhulu. I-Bupivacaine iyi-anesthetic yendawo enamandla, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingaveza imiphumela emibi kakhulu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi lapho inoshevu. Ngakho-ke, nakuba i-bupivacaine isetshenziswa kabanzi emtholampilo, ucwaningo mayelana nokuvimbela nokwelashwa kokusabela kwayo okunobuthi belulokhu lunakwa kakhulu. Ucwaningo lwe-Pharmacological lubonise ukuthi i-CIVIC njengento ekhishwa okuqhubekayo eyakhiwe ngesisombululo se-bupivacaine inganciphisa kakhulu imiphumela emibi yomuthi. Ekuhlinzweni kwe-PRK, ukusetshenziswa kwe-tetracaine ene-concentration ephansi kanye nezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala ezihlangene ne-CMC zingadambisa kakhulu ubuhlungu be-postoperative. Ukuvimbela ukunamathela kwe-peritoneal ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kanye nokunciphisa ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu kungenye yezinkinga ezithinteka kakhulu ekuhlinzweni komtholampilo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-CMC ingcono kakhulu kune-sodium hyaluronate ekunciphiseni izinga lokunamathela kwe-peritoneal ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela ukuvela kokunamathela kwe-peritoneal. I-CMC isetshenziswa ku-catheter hepatic arterial infusion yemithi elwa nomdlavuza ekwelapheni umdlavuza wesibindi, engandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuhlala kwezidakamizwa ezilwa nomdlavuza kumathumba, ithuthukise amandla e-anti-tumor, futhi ithuthukise umphumela wokwelapha. Emithini yezilwane, i-CMC nayo inezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa. Kubikwe ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-intraperitoneal kwesisombululo se-CMC esingu-1% emazinyaneni kunomphumela omkhulu ekuvimbeleni i-dystocia nokunamathela kwesisu ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwepheshana lokuzala emfuyweni.
CMC kwezinye izicelo zezimboni
Ezihlahleni zokuhlanza, i-CMC ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti elwa nokumiswa kabusha kwenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ezindwangu zokwenziwa ze-hydrophobic, ezingcono kakhulu kune-carboxymethyl fiber.
I-CMC ingasetshenziswa ukuvikela imithombo kawoyela njengesizinzisi sodaka kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi ekumba uwoyela. Umthamo womthombo ngamunye kawoyela ungu-2.3t wemithombo engashoni kanye no-5.6t wemithombo ejulile;
Embonini yendwangu, isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokulinganisa, i-thickener yokuphrinta nokudaya unamathisele, ukuphrinta kwendwangu kanye nokuqeda ukuqina. Uma isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokulinganisa, ingathuthukisa ukunyibilika kanye ne-viscosity, futhi kulula ukuyenza; njenge-ejenti eqinisayo, umthamo wayo ungaphezu kwama-95%; uma isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokulinganisa, amandla kanye nokuguquguquka kwefilimu yesayizi kuthuthukiswa kakhulu; nge-silk fibroin evuselelwe I-membrane eyinhlanganisela eyakhiwe i-carboxymethyl cellulose isetshenziswa njenge-matrix ye-immobilizing glucose oxidase, futhi i-glucose oxidase ne-ferrocene carboxylate ayinyakazi, futhi i-glucose biosensor eyenziwe inokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzinza. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi lapho i-silica gel homogenate ilungiswa ngesisombululo se-CMC esine-concentration engaba ngu-1% (w/v), ukusebenza kwe-chromatographic kwepuleti lengqimba elincanyana elilungisiwe lingcono kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ipuleti elinesendlalelo esincanyana elihlanganiswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithuthukisiwe linamandla ongqimba Afanelekile, alungele amasu amasampula ahlukahlukene, asebenza kalula. I-CMC inokunamathela kumafayibha amaningi futhi ingathuthukisa ukuhlangana phakathi kwemicu. Ukuzinza kwe-viscosity yayo kungaqinisekisa ukufana kokulinganisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuluka. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-ejenti yokuqeda izindwangu, ikakhulukazi ukuqeda unomphela ukulwa nemibimbi, okuletha izinguquko ezihlala njalo ezindwangu.
I-CMC ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti elwa nokudumba, i-emulsifier, i-disperant, i-ejenti yokulinganisa, kanye ne-adhesive for coatings. Ingenza okuqukethwe okuqinile kwe-coating kusatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ku-solvent, ukuze ukugqoka kungagcini isikhathi eside. Ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi kumapende. .
Uma i-CMC isetshenziswa njenge-flocculant, iphumelela kakhulu kune-sodium gluconate ekususeni ama-ion e-calcium. Uma isetshenziswa njengokushintshaniswa kwe-cation, umthamo wayo wokushintshana ungafinyelela ku-1.6 ml/g.
I-CMC isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokulinganisa iphepha embonini yamaphepha, engathuthukisa kakhulu amandla omile namandla amanzi ephepha, kanye nokumelana nowoyela, ukumuncwa kukayinki nokumelana namanzi.
I-CMC isetshenziswa njenge-hydrosol kuzimonyo nanjenge-thickener ku-toothpaste, futhi umthamo wayo ungama-5%.
I-CMC ingasetshenziswa njenge-flocculant, i-chelating ejenti, i-emulsifier, i-thickener, i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi, i-ejenti yokulinganisa, izinto zokwakha ifilimu, njll., futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-electronics, izibulala-zinambuzane, isikhumba, amapulasitiki, ukuphrinta, izitsha zobumba, umuthi wokuxubha, nsuku zonke. amakhemikhali neminye imikhakha , futhi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye nohlu olubanzi lokusebenzisa, ihlale ivula izinkundla ezintsha zokufaka izicelo, kanye nemakethe ithemba libanzi kakhulu.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
(1) Ukuhambisana kwalo mkhiqizo ne-asidi eqinile, i-alkali eqinile, nama-ion ensimbi esindayo (njenge-aluminium, i-zinc, i-mercury, isiliva, insimbi, njll.) kuvinjiwe.
(2) Ukuthathwa okuvumelekile kwalo mkhiqizo ngu-0-25mg/kg·d.
Iziyalezo
Xuba i-CMC ngqo namanzi ukuze wenze ingcina yeglue ukuze isetshenziswe kamuva. Lapho ulungiselela iglue ye-CMC, qala ngokufaka inani elithile lamanzi ahlanzekile ethangini lokuhlanganisa ngethuluzi elinyakazayo, futhi lapho idivayisi eshukumisayo ivuliwe, kancane kancane futhi ngokulinganayo ufafaze i-CMC ku-batching tank, ugovuze ngokuqhubekayo, ukuze i-CMC Ihlanganiswe Ngokugcwele. ngamanzi, i-CMC ingancibilika ngokugcwele. Lapho kuncibilika i-CMC, isizathu sokuthi kungani kufanele ifafazwe ngokulinganayo futhi inyakaze njalo “ukuvimbela izinkinga zokuhlangana, ukuhlanganisana, nokunciphisa inani le-CMC encibilikisiwe lapho i-CMC ihlangana namanzi”, kanye nokwenyusa izinga lokuqedwa kwe-CMC. Isikhathi sokunyakazisa asifani nesikhathi sokuthi i-CMC ichitheke ngokuphelele. Zimbili imiqondo. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokushukumisa sifushane kakhulu kunesikhathi sokuthi i-CMC incibilike ngokuphelele. Isikhathi esidingekayo kulaba ababili sincike esimweni esithile.
Isisekelo sokunquma isikhathi esinyakazayo siwukuthi: laphoI-CMCihlakazekile ngokulinganayo emanzini futhi azikho izigaxa ezinkulu ezisobala, ukunyakazisa kungamiswa, okuvumela i-CMC namanzi ukuthi kungene futhi kuhlanganiswe komunye nomunye esimweni sokuma.
Isisekelo sokunquma isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze i-CMC ichithwe ngokuphelele simi kanje:
(1) I-CMC namanzi kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele, futhi akukho ukwehlukana koketshezi oluqinile phakathi kwakho kokubili;
(2) Inhlama exutshiwe isesimweni esifanayo, futhi ingaphezulu liyisicaba futhi libushelelezi;
(3) Umbala wokunamathisela okuxubile usondele kokungenambala futhi osobala, futhi azikho izinto ze-granular kunamathisele. Kusukela ngesikhathi lapho i-CMC ifakwa ethangini lokuhlanganisa futhi ixutshwe namanzi ukuya esikhathini lapho i-CMC isihlakazwe ngokuphelele, isikhathi esidingekayo siphakathi kwamahora ayi-10 nama-20.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-26-2024