Udaka oluxutshwe okomile luyinhlanganisela yezinto zikasimende (usimende, umlotha wempukane, impushana ye-slag, njll.), ama-aggregate asezingeni elikhethekile (isihlabathi se-quartz, i-corundum, njll., futhi ngezinye izikhathi kudinga ama-aggregate angasindi, njenge-ceramsite, i-polystyrene enwetshiwe, njll. Ama-granules, i-perlite enwetshiwe, i-vermiculite enwetshiwe, njll.) kanye nezixube kuxutshwe ngokulinganayo kuye ngokuthi ingxenye ethile, bese ipakishwa ezikhwameni, emiphongolweni noma inikezwe ngobuningi esimweni sempushana esomile.
Ngokusho kwesicelo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zodaka lwezentengiselwano, ezifana nodaka oluyimpushana olwenziwa ngamatshe, udaka oluyimpushana olomile lokukhonkoloza, udaka lwempushana eyomile yomhlabathi, udaka olukhethekile olomile lwempushana lokuvimbela amanzi, ukugcinwa kokushisa nezinye izinjongo. Ukufingqa, udaka oluxutshwe okomile lungahlukaniswa lube udaka olujwayelekile oluxutshwe okomile (ukwakha, ukupulasitela kanye nodaka oluxutshwe nomhlabathi owomile) kanye nodaka olukhethekile oluxutshwe okomile. Udaka olukhethekile oluxutshwe okomile luhlanganisa: udaka oluzilinganisa ngokwalo, impahla yaphansi engagugi, iphansi elingashi, i-inorganic caulking ejenti, udaka olungangeni manzi, udaka olunamekelwayo lwe-resin, izinto zokuvikela ukhonkolo ezingaphezulu, udaka olukhonkolo olunemibala, njll.
Ngakho-ke izinsimbi eziningi ezixutshwe okomile zidinga izingxube zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza okufanele zenziwe ngenani elikhulu lokuhlola. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezixube zendabuko zikakhonkolo, izingxube zodaka ezixubene ezomile zingasetshenziswa kuphela kwifomu lempushana, futhi okwesibili, ziyancibilika emanzini abandayo, noma zincibilike kancane kancane ngaphansi kwesenzo se-alkali ukuze zenze umphumela wazo ofanele.
1. I-thickener, i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi kanye ne-stabilizer
I-Cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)futhii-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)zonke zenziwe ngezinto ze-polymer zemvelo (ezifana nekotini, njll.) I-non-ionic cellulose ether ekhiqizwa ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali. Zibonakala ngokuncibilika kwamanzi abandayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina, ukubumbana, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukuthambisa, ukuqina kwe-non-ionic kanye ne-pH. Ukuncibilika kwamanzi abandayo kwalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi umthamo wokugcina amanzi uyathuthukiswa, impahla eqina iyabonakala, ububanzi bamabhamuza omoya owethulwe buncane kakhulu, futhi umphumela wokuthuthukisa amandla okubopha osimende kuthuthukiswe kakhulu.
I-Cellulose ether ayinayo kuphela izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa futhi inezinhlobonhlobo zesisindo se-molecular and viscosity kusuka ku-5mPa. s kuya ku-200,000 mPa. s, umthelela ekusebenzeni kodaka esiteji esisha nangemva kokuqina nakho kuhlukile. Inombolo enkulu yokuhlolwa kufanele yenziwe lapho ukhetha ukukhetha okuqondile. Khetha izinhlobonhlobo ze-cellulose ezine-viscosity efanelekile kanye nobubanzi besisindo samangqamuzana, umthamo omncane, futhi akukho mpahla yokungenisa umoya. Kungale ndlela kuphela ingatholakala ngokushesha. Ukusebenza okuhle kobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kunomnotho omuhle.
2. Impushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-thickener ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokuzinza kodaka. Nakuba ingavimbela udaka ekuqhekekeni (ukwehlisa izinga lokuhwamuka kwamanzi) ngokwezinga elithile, ngokuvamile alusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuthuthukisa ukuqina, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kanye nokumelana namanzi kodaka. Umkhuba wokwengeza ama-polymers ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungakwazi ukungena emanzini, ukuqina, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kanye nokumelana nomthelela wodaka nokhonkolo usuqashelwe. Ama-emulsions e-polymer asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuguqulwa kosimende nosimende ukhonkolo ahlanganisa: i-emulsion yerabha ye-neoprene, i-emulsion yerabha ye-styrene-butadiene, i-polyacrylate latex, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-emulsion ye-rubber ye-chlorine eyingxenye, i-polyvinyl acetate, njll Ngokuthuthukiswa kocwaningo lwesayensi, hhayi kuphela imiphumela yokuguqulwa kwama-polymer ahlukahlukene iye yafundwa ngokujulile, kodwa futhi indlela yokuguqula, i indlela yokusebenzisana phakathi kwama-polymers nosimende, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-cement hydration nayo icutshungulwe ngokwethiyori. Ukuhlaziya nokucwaninga okujulile, kanye nenani elikhulu lemiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi iye yavela.
I-emulsion ye-polymer ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni udaka oluxutshwe ngomumo, kodwa kusobala ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukulisebenzisa ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni i-powder mortar eyomile, ngakho-ke i-latex powder yazalwa kabusha. Njengamanje, impushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha esetshenziswa odakeni lwempushana eyomile ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa: ① i-vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② i-vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ i-acrylate homopolymer ( Acrylate); ④ i-vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) i-styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), njll. Phakathi kwabo, i-vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer inenani elikhulu kakhulu lokusetshenziswa.
Ukuzijwayeza kuye kwafakazela ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-latex powder e-redispersible kuzinzile, futhi kunemiphumela engenakuqhathaniswa ekuthuthukiseni amandla okubopha odaka, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwayo, ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nokuqhekeka nokungakwazi ukungena emanzini, njll. Ukwengeza i-hydrophobic latex powder copolymerized by polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride , i-ethylene, i-vinyl laurate, njll. nakho kunganciphisa kakhulu ukumuncwa kwamanzi i-mortar (ngenxa ye-hydrophobicity yayo), okwenza udaka lukwazi ukungena emoyeni futhi lungangeni, luthuthukisa Ukumelana nesimo sezulu futhi kuthuthuke ukuqina.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthukisa amandla aguquguqukayo namandla okubopha kodaka nokunciphisa ukuqina kwawo, umphumela we-latex powder ohlakazeka kabusha ekuthuthukiseni ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka nokuthuthukisa ukuhlangana kwawo kunomkhawulo. Njengoba ukungezwa kwempushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha kungahlakazeka futhi kubangele inani elikhulu lokungena komoya engxubeni yodaka, umphumela wawo wokunciphisa amanzi usobala kakhulu. Yiqiniso, ngenxa yesakhiwo esimpofu samabhamuza omoya owethulwe, umphumela wokunciphisa amanzi awuzange uthuthukise amandla. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amandla odaka azokwehla kancane kancane ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwempushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha. Ngakho-ke, ekuthuthukisweni kwamanye ama-mortars adinga ukucabangela amandla okucindezela nokuguquguquka, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-defoamer ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela omubi we-latex powder emandleni okucindezela kanye namandla aguquguqukayo odaka. .
3. I-Defoamer
Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-cellulose, isitashi ether kanye nezinto ze-polymer, impahla yokungenisa umoya yodaka ngokungangabazeki yanda, ethinta amandla okucindezela, amandla aguquguqukayo kanye namandla okubopha kodaka ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi kunciphisa i-modulus yayo yokunwebeka; ngakolunye uhlangothi , Ibuye ibe nethonya elikhulu ekubukeni kodaka, futhi kudingekile kakhulu ukuqeda ama-bubbles emoyeni afakwe odakeni. Njengamanje, ama-defoamers e-powder eyomile angenisiwe asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi e-China ukuxazulula le nkinga, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-commodity mortar, ukuqedwa kwama-bubbles emoyeni akuwona umsebenzi olula kakhulu.
4. I-Anti-sagging
Lapho unamathisela amathayela e-ceramic, amabhodi e-polystyrene anegwebu, futhi kufakwa udaka lwezinhlayiyana zenjoloba ye-polystyrene, inkinga enkulu ebhekene nayo ukuwa. Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi ukwengeza isitashi ether, i-sodium bentonite, i-metakaolin ne-montmorillonite kuyisilinganiso esisebenzayo sokuxazulula inkinga yokuwa kodaka ngemva kokwakhiwa. Isixazululo esiyinhloko senkinga ye-sagging ukwandisa ukucindezeleka kokuqala kwe-shear kodaka, okungukuthi, ukwandisa i-thixotropy yayo. Kuzicelo ezisebenzayo, akulula ukukhetha i-ejenti enhle yokulwa ne-sagging, ngoba idinga ukuxazulula ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-thixotropy, ukusebenza, i-viscosity kanye nesidingo samanzi.
5. Ukuqina
Udaka olukhonkolo, i-tile grout, udaka olunemibala yokuhlobisa kanye nodaka oluxutshwe okomile olusetshenziselwa udonga lwangaphandle lwesistimu yokufaka ukhonkolo oluncane lubalulekile ekusebenzeni okungangeni kwamanzi noma okuxosha amanzi, okudinga ukwengezwa kwe-ejenti exosha amanzi eyimpuphu , kodwa kufanele. ibe nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: ① yenza i-mortar hydrophobic iyonke, futhi igcine imiphumela yesikhathi eside; ② ayinawo umthelela omubi emandleni okubopha ongaphezulu; ③ ezinye izinto ezixosha amanzi ezivame ukusetshenziswa emakethe, njenge-calcium stearate, kunzima ukuzixuba Ngokushesha nangokulinganayo nodaka lukasimende, akusona isithasiselo se-hydrophobic esifanelekile sodaka oluxutshwe owomile, ikakhulukazi izinto zokuplasta zokwakhiwa kwemishini.
Kusanda kwakhiwa i-ejenti yempushana esekwe kwi-silane exosha amanzi, okuwumkhiqizo osuselwe ku-silane oyimpushana otholwe ngokufafaza i-silane-coated water-soluble protective colloids kanye nama-anti-caking agents. Lapho udaka luxubene namanzi, igobolondo le-colloid elivikelayo le-ejenti exosha amanzi lincibilika ngokushesha emanzini, futhi likhiphe i-silane ehlanganisiwe ukuze iphinde iyihlakaze emanzini axutshwayo. Endaweni ene-alkaline kakhulu ngemva kokufakwa kukasimende, amaqembu e-hydrophilic organic functional ku-silane afakwa nge-hydrolyzed ukuze akhe amaqembu e-silanol asebenzayo, futhi amaqembu e-silanol ayaqhubeka nokusabela ngendlela engenakulungiseka namaqembu e-hydroxyl emikhiqizweni kasimende ukuze akhe izibopho zamakhemikhali, ukuze i-silane exhunywe ndawonye ngokuxhumanisa ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile ebusweni bodonga lwama-pore lodaka lukasimende. Njengoba amaqembu asebenza nge-hydrophobic organic ebheke ngaphandle kodonga lwama-pore, ingaphezulu le-pores lithola i-hydrophobicity, ngaleyo ndlela ilethe umphumela we-hydrophobic jikelele kudaka.
6. Ama-Ubiquitin inhibitors
I-alkali ye-erythrothenic izothinta ubuhle bodaka lokuhlobisa olusekelwe kusimende, okuyinkinga evamile edinga ukuxazululwa. Ngokwemibiko, i-resin-based anti-pantherine additive iye yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo muva nje, okuyi-powder ephinda ihlakazeka ngokusebenza okuhle kokugqugquzela. Lo mkhiqizo ufaneleka ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa ezingubo zokusiza, ama-putty, ama-caulks noma ukwakhiwa kodaka futhi unokuhambisana okuhle nezinye izithasiselo.
7. Ifayibha
Ukwengeza inani elifanele le-fiber odakeni kungakhuphula amandla aqinile, kuthuthukise ukuqina, futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana nokuqhekeka. Njengamanje, imicu yokwenziwa yamakhemikhali nemicu yokhuni ivame ukusetshenziswa odakeni oluxutshwe okomile. Imicu yokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali, njenge-polypropylene staple fiber, i-polypropylene staple fiber, njll. Ngemva kokuguqulwa kwendawo, le micu ayinayo kuphela i-dispersibility enhle, kodwa futhi inokuqukethwe okuphansi, okungathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo ukumelana nepulasitiki nokusebenza kokuqhekeka kodaka. Izakhiwo zemishini azithinteki kakhulu. Ububanzi bomucu wokhuni buncane, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ekwandeni kwesidingo samanzi sodaka lapho wengeza i-wood fiber.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-26-2024