Udaka oluxutshwe olwalubhekisisa ngokoqobo, okuhlanganisiwe okuhle, ukuhlangana, amanzi kanye nezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinqunywe ngokuya ngokusebenza. Ngokusho kwengxenye ethile, ngemuva kokulinganiswa futhi kuhlanganiswe esiteshini sokuxuba, kuhanjiswa endaweni yokusebenzisa iloli elixubayo. Gcina ingxube yodaka esitsheni esikhethekile bese uyisebenzisa ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Umgomo osebenzayo wodaka oluxutshwe olunezinhlanganisela lufana nokhonkolo wezohwebo, kanye nesiteshi sokuxuba kokhonkolo sezentengiselwano kungakhiqiza ngodaka oluxutshwe namanzi.
1. Izinzuzo zodaka oluhlanganisiwe
1) Udaka oluxutshwe olumanzi lungasetshenziswa ngqo ngemuva kokuthuthwa esizeni ngaphandle kokulungiswa, kepha udaka kufanele agcinwe esitsheni somoya;
2) Udaka olubumbene olumanzi lulungiselelwe efektri efanelekile, evumelana nokuqinisekisa nokulawula ikhwalithi yodaka;
3) Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza zodaka oluxutshwe ngodaka lukhulu. I-aggregate ingabomile noma imanzi, futhi akudingeki yomiswe, ngakho-ke izindleko zingancishiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lesihlabathi somshini wokufakelwa okhiqizwa yimfucumfucu yemfucumfucu yemfucuza efana nomlotha wempukane kanye nemfucumfucu yesimboni efana ne-slag yensimbi nemisila yezimboni ingahlanganiswa kuphela, kodwa futhi inciphisa izindleko zodaka.
4) Indawo yokwakha inesimo esihle nokungcoliswa okuncane.
2. Okubi kodaka oluxubile
1) Njengoba udaka oluxutshwe namanzi luxutshwe namanzi esiteshini sokukhiqiza esifanele, futhi ivolumu yokuhamba inkulu ngasikhathi sinye, ngeke ilawulwe kalula ngokwenvuza yokwakha nokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udaka olunezinhlamvu ezimanzi ludinga ukugcinwa esitsheni sezindiza ngemuva kokuthunyelwa esizeni sokwakha, ngakho-ke ichibi le-ash lidinga ukusethwa esizeni;
2) Isikhathi sokuhamba sivinjelwe yizimo zethrafikhi;
3) Njengoba udaka olunezinhlamvu ezixubile ligcinwa ekwakhiweni isikhathi eside, kunezidingo ezithile zokusebenza, ukusetha isikhathi nokuqina kokusebenza kodaka.
I-Hydroxypropyllykyl methylcellulose isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokugcina amanzi kanye ne-retarder yodaka kasimende ukwenza udaka lukhule. Kusetshenziswe njenge-binder plaster esopawulisayo, kuthuthukisa ukusakazeka futhi kunwebe isikhathi sokusebenza. Ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyllylylylylyly hpmc kuvimbela ama-slurry kusuka ekuqhekekeni ngenxa yokomisa ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kwesicelo, futhi kuthuthukisa amandla ngemuva kokuqina. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kungukusebenza okubalulekile kwe-hydroxypropyll methylcellulose hpmc, futhi nakho kusebenza ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi basekhaya abaxuba abayingxubevange banaka. Izici ezithinta umphumela wokugcinwa kwamanzi wodaka oluxutshwe nama-HPMC angeziwe, i-viscosity ye-HPMC, ukubusa kwezinhlayiya, kanye nokushisa kwendawo yokusebenzisa.
Ngemuva kokuthi udaka oluxutshwe oluhlanganisiwe luthuthelwe esizeni, kufanele lugcinwe esitsheni se-airtivight esingabonakali. Uma ukhetha isitsha sensimbi, umphumela wesitoreji ungcono kakhulu, kepha ukutshalwa kwezimali kuphezulu kakhulu, okungahambelani nokuthandwa kanye nesicelo; Ungasebenzisa izitini noma amabhlogo ukwakha ichibi le-Ash, bese usebenzisa udaka olungamanzi (isilinganiso sokutholwa kwamanzi ngaphansi kwama-5%) ukuze uxoshe ubuso, futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali kuphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukulungiswa kodaka olungamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ikhwalithi yokwakha ye-waterproof ungqimba lokuphamba kwamanzi kufanele iqinisekiswe. Kungcono ukwengeza i-hydroxypropyllylyll methylcellulose wezinto ezibonakalayo ku-datar ukunciphisa imifantu yodaka. Isitezi se-ash pond kufanele sibe ne-slope ethile yokuhlanza kalula. Ichibi le-Ash kufanele libe nophahla olunendawo eyanele ukuvikela emvuleni naselanga. Udaka ugcinwe echibini lomlotha, kanti ingaphezulu lechibi le-Ash kufanele limbozwe ngokuphelele ngendwangu yepulasitiki ukuqinisekisa ukuthi udaka usesimweni esivaliwe.
Iqhaza elibalulekile le-hydroxypropyllylyly hpmc ngodaka olumanzi olumanzi ikakhulukazi inezici ezintathu, enye ithonya lokungaguquguquki kwamanzi, kanti elinye liyithonya lokuhlangana okuhlanganisiwe, kanti okwesithathu kungukusebenzisana nosimende. Ukutholwa kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuncike ekufakweni kwamanzi kwesendlalelo sesisekelo, ukwakheka kodaka, ukushuba kongqimba lwesidakamizwa, ukufunwa kwamanzi ngodaka, kanye nesikhathi sokubeka izinto ezibonakalayo. Lapho kuphakama okusobala kwe-hydroxypropylllym methylcellulose, ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Izici ezithinta ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngodaka oluxutshwe oluhlanganisa khona i-cellulose ether, inani lokungezelela, inhlawulo yezinhlayiyana kanye nokusebenzisa izinga lokushisa. Lapho kukhuphuka khona i-ver ye-cellulose ether, okungcono ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi. I-Viscosity iyipharamitha ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-HPMC. Ngomkhiqizo ofanayo, imiphumela ye-visacosity elikalwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ihluke kakhulu, kanti ezinye zize zize ziphindwe kabili umehluko. Ngakho-ke, lapho uqhathanisa i-viscosity, kufanele yenziwe phakathi kwezindlela ezifanayo zokuhlola, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, i-rotor, njll.
Ngokuvamile ukukhuluma, ukukhuphuka okuphezulu, kungcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ukukhuphuka kwesisindo kanye nesisindo se-molecular ye-HPMC, ukwehla okuhambisanayo kwe-solubelity yayo kuzoba nomthelela ongemuhle emandleni nasekusebenzeni kokwakha kodaka. Lapho kuphakama i-viscosity, kusobala kakhulu umphumela wokuqina kudaka, kepha akayona ngokuqondile. Lapho esekhuphuka i-viscosity, i-viscous mores owesimende izoba khona, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokwakha, kubonakaliswa njengokunamathela ku-scraper kanye nokunamathela okuphezulu kuya engxenyeni engezansi. Kepha akusizi ukwandisa amandla wesakhiwo sodaka olumanzi uqobo. Ngesikhathi sokwakha, ukusebenza kwe-anti-sag akubonakali. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amanye ama-hydroxyproppropyly aguquliwe anokuqonda okuphakathi nendawo okuphansi kunokwenza okuhle kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amandla ahlelekile ngodaka olumanzi.
Udaka oluxutshwe olumanzi, inani lokungezwa le-cellulose ether hpmc liphansi kakhulu, kepha lingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka oluxutshwe ngodaka, futhi luyisengezo esikhulu esithinta ukusebenza kodaka. Ukukhetha okufanele kwe-hydroxyproppropyly efanele i-methylcellulose kunethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kodaka oluxutshwe olumanzi.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: APR-04-2023