I-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) iyinhlangano eguquguqukayo enezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene kufaka phakathi amakhemisi, ukudla, ukwakhiwa kanye nezimonyo. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphambili ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa i-HPMC ziyi-cellulose ne-propelene oxide.
1. I-cellulose: Isisekelo se-HPMC
1.1 Ukubuka konke kwe-cellulose
I-Cellulose iyi-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi eyingxenye esemqoka yokwakheka kwezitshalo eziluhlaza. Kuqukethe amaketanga aqondile ama-molecule we-glucose axhumeke ndawonye ngama-β-1,4-glycosidic bond. Ubuningi bamaqembu e-hydroxyl e-cellulose kwenza kube yinto efanelekile yokuqalwa kwezinto eziguqulwayo ze-pultulose derivatives ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-HPMC.
1.2 Ukuthengwa kweCellulose
I-cellulose ingathathwa kusuka ezintweni ezihlukile zezitshalo, njenge-wood pulp, ama-cotton linter, noma ezinye izitshalo ezivuthayo. I-Wood Pulp ingumthombo ojwayelekile ngenxa yokuchichima kwayo, ukusebenza kwezindleko nokusimama. Ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose kuvame ukubandakanya ukwehlisa imicu yezitshalo ngochungechunge lwezinqubo zokwelapha kanye namakhemikhali.
1.3 Ubumsulwa kanye nezimpawu
Ikhwalithi nobumsulwa be-cellulose bubaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni izici zomkhiqizo wokugcina we-HPMC. I-cellulose ebumsulwa ephakeme iqinisekisa ukuthi i-HPMC ikhiqizwa ngezakhiwo ezingaguquki ezinjengokubonakala, i-solubity kanye nokuqina okushisayo.
2. I-Phypene Oxide: Ukwethulwa kweHydroxypropyl Group
2.1 ISINGENISO KO-PRYLELE OXIde
I-Phylene oxide (i-PO) iyingxenye ye-organic ngefomula yamakhemikhali c3h6o. Kuyinto epoxide, okusho ukuthi iqukethe i-athomu ye-oxygen eboshwe ama-athomu amabili asondelene nekhabhoni. I-Phylene Oxide iyinto ebalulekile eluhlaza okwesibili yokuhlanganiswa kwe-hydroxypropyllls, okuwumphakathi wokukhiqizwa kwe-HPMC.
2.2 Inqubo ye-Hydroxypropylation
Inqubo ye-Hydroxypropyration ifaka ukusabela kwe-cellulose ene-propelene oxide ukwethula amaqembu we-hydroxypropyl ku-cellulose backbone. Lokhu kusabela kuvame ukwenziwa phambi kwe-catalyst eyisisekelo. Amaqembu e-Hydroxypropyl adlulisela i-soubity ethuthukisiwe nezinye izakhiwo ezifiselekayo eziya ku-cellulose, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-hydroxypropyllllls.
3. I-methylation: Ukungeza amaqembu we-methyl
3.1 Inqubo ye-methylation
Ngemuva kwe-hydroxypropylation, isinyathelo esilandelayo ku-HPMC Synthesis yi-methylation. Le nqubo ifaka ukwethulwa kwamaqembu we-methyl kwi-cellulose backbone. I-Methyl Chloride iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yalokhu kusabela. Izinga le-methylation lithinta izakhiwo zomkhiqizo wokugcina we-HPMC, kufaka phakathi ukubonana kwalo nokuziphatha kwe-gel.
3.2 degree yokufaka esikhundleni
Izinga lokufakwa esikhundleni (DS) liyipharamitha esemqoka yokwengeza inani eliphakathi lokufakazela esikhundleni (i-methyl kanye ne-hydroxypropyl) ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-anhydroglucose ecaleni le-cellulose. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ilawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kufinyelelwe ukusebenza okufunayo kwemikhiqizo ye-HPMC.
4. Ukuhlanza kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi
4.1 Ukususwa kwemikhiqizo
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-HPMC kungahle kube nomphumela wokwakheka kwemikhiqizo enjengosawoti noma ama-reagents angavuthiwe. Izinyathelo zokuhlanza kufaka phakathi ukugeza nokuhlunga kusetshenziselwa ukususa lokhu kungcola futhi kwandise ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo wokugcina.
4.2 Izindlela Zokulawula Ikhwalithi
Izindlela eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi zisetshenziswa kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvumelana nekhwalithi ye-HPMC. Amasu wokuhlaziya afana ne-spectroscopy, i-chromatography kanye ne-Rheology asetshenziselwa ukuhlola amapharamitha anjengesisindo se-molecular, degree yokufaka esikhundleni kanye nokusifaka esikhundleni kanye nokusifaka esikhundleni kanye nokusifaka esikhundleni.
I-5. Izici ze-hydroxypropyll methylcellulose (HPMC)
5.1 Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo
I-HPMC i-White to-White-White Powder enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zefilimu. I-hygroscopic futhi yakha kalula ijeli elisobala lapho lihlakazeka emanzini. I-solubity ye-HPMC incike ngezinga lokufakwa esikhundleni futhi lithintwa yizinto ezifana nokushisa kanye noPh.
5.2 Isakhiwo samakhemikhali
Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-HPMC siqukethe i-cellulose backbone nge-hydroxypropyl kanye ne-methyl substitunts. Isilinganiso salaba bantu, sikhonjiswe ngezinga lokufaka esikhundleni, linquma ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali jikelele futhi ngenxa yalokho izakhiwo ze-HPMC.
5.3 I-Viscosity Nezakhiwo Ze-Rheological
I-HPMC iyatholakala kumabanga ahlukahlukene ane-viscosity ehlukile. I-Viscosity ye-HPMC Solutions iyinto ebalulekile kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjengemithi, lapho ithinta khona iphrofayili yokukhishwa yomuthi, futhi ekwakhiweni, lapho kuthinta khona ukusebenziseka kodaka kanye nama-pastes.
5.4 Izakhiwo ezenziwe ngeFilm neFilming
I-HPMC isetshenziswa kabanzi njengefilimu yangaphambili ezimbozweni zemithi kanye ne-ejenti yokuqina ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. Amandla alo akha amafilimu akwenza kuwukubalulekelwa ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwezidakamizwa ezilawulwayo, ngenkathi izakhiwo zalo zokuqina zithuthukisa ukuthungwa kanye nokuqina kwemikhiqizo eminingi.
6. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxypropyllyll methylcellulose
6.1 imboni yezemithi
Embonini yezemithi, i-HPMC isetshenziselwa ukwakha amafomu we-dosage omlomo afana namathebulethi kanye nama-caplule. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa njenge-binder, ukuqhelelana ne-ejenti ye-film coating. Izakhiwo ezilawulwa ezilawulwayo ze-HPMC zisiza ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekwakhiweni kokukhishwa okuqhubekayo.
6.2 Imboni Yokwakha
Emkhakheni wezokwakha, i-HPMC isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokugcina amanzi, i-perner kanye nokunamathela emikhiqizweni esekwe kuthusi. Kuthuthukisa ukusebenziseka kodaka, kuvimbela ukugcwala ezincelweni ezimile, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza okuphelele kwezinto zokwakha.
6.3 imboni yokudla
I-HPMC isetshenziswa embonini yokudla njengomkhulu, i-Stabilizer ne-emulsifier. Amandla awo okuthola ama-gels ngokugxila okuphansi enza kufanelekile ukuthola izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amasoso, ukugqoka kanye nama-dessert.
6.4 Izimonyo nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu
Ezimonyo nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, i-HPMC itholakala ebangeni lemibono kufaka phakathi okhilimu, ama-lotion kanye nama-shampoos. Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa ukuthungwa, ukuqina kanye nokusebenza okuphelele kwale mikhiqizo.
6.5 Ezinye izimboni
Ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene kwe-HPMC kufinyelela kwezinye izimboni, kufaka phakathi izindwangu, ukupenda kanye nezinamathela, lapho kungasetshenziswa khona njengokushintsha kwe-Rheology, i-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nommeli wokugcina amanzi kanye nesikhudlwana.
7. Isiphetho
I-Hydroxypropylmethylcellellulose iyinhlangano eguquguqukayo enezicelo eziningi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwayo kusetshenziswa i-cellulose ne-propelemase oxide njengezinto zokwakha eziphambili, kanti i-cellulose iguqulwa nge-hydroxypropylition kanye nezinqubo ze-methylation. Ukulawulwa okulawulwayo kwalezi zinto ezivuthiwe kanye nemigomo yokusabela kungakhiqiza i-HPMC enezakhiwo ezenziwe ngezifiso ukufeza izidingo ezithile zomkhakha. Ngakho-ke, i-HPMPC idlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo kuyo yonke imboni. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwezicelo ezintsha kanye nokwenza ngcono izinqubo zokukhiqiza zisiza i-HPMC Qhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile emakethe yomhlaba.
Isikhathi sePosi: Dece-28-2023