Kungani i-cellulose ibizwa ngokuthi i-polymer?

I-Cellulose, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-organic compound egcwele kakhulu eMhlabeni, iyi-molecule ethakazelisayo neyinkimbinkimbi enomthelela omkhulu ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila, kusukela ekubunjweni kwezitshalo kuya ekwakhiweni kwephepha nezindwangu.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kunganii-celluloseihlukaniswa njenge-polymer, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukwakheka kwayo kwamangqamuzana, izakhiwo zesakhiwo, kanye nokuziphatha ekubonisayo kuwo womabili amazinga amakhulu kakhulu nawe-microscopic. Ngokuhlolisisa lezi zici ngokugcwele, singakwazi ukucacisa imvelo ye-polymer ye-cellulose.

I-Polymer Chemistry Basics:
Isayensi ye-polymer igatsha lamakhemikhali elibhekene nocwaningo lwama-macromolecules, okungama-molecule amakhulu ahlanganiswe amayunithi esakhiwo aphindaphindayo aziwa ngokuthi ama-monomers. Inqubo ye-polymerization ihilela ukuhlangana kwalawa ma-monomers ngokusebenzisa amabhondi ahlangene, ukwakha amaketanga amade noma amanethiwekhi.

Isakhiwo se-Cellulose Molecular:
I-Cellulose ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe ama-athomu ekhabhoni, i-hydrogen, ne-oxygen, ahlelwe ngendlela efana neketanga eliwumugqa. Isakhiwo sayo esiyisisekelo, i-molecule ye-glucose, isebenza njengeyunithi ye-monomeric ye-cellulose polymerization. Iyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose ngaphakathi kweketango le-cellulose ixhunywe kokulandelayo ngo-β(1→4) ukuxhumana kwe-glycosidic, lapho amaqembu e-hydroxyl (-OH) ku-carbon-1 kanye ne-carbon-4 yamayunithi eglucose aseduze enza ukusabela kokufiphala ukuze akhe ukuxhumana.

I-Polymeric ye-Cellulose:

Amayunithi Aphindayo: Ukuxhumanisa okungu-β(1→4) kwe-glycosidic ku-cellulose kuphumela ekuphindaphindweni kwamayunithi e-glucose eduze kweketango le-polymer. Lokhu kuphindaphindwa kwamayunithi esakhiwo kuyisici esiyisisekelo sama-polymers.
Isisindo Semolekyuli Ephakeme: Ama-molecule e-cellulose ahlanganisa izinkulungwane kuya ezigidini zamayunithi e-glucose, okuholela esisindweni esiphezulu samangqamuzana avamile wezinto ze-polymer.
Isakhiwo Sochungechunge Olude: Ukuhlelwa okuqondile kwamayunithi e-glucose kumaketango e-cellulose kwakha amaketanga amangqamuzana anwetshiwe, afana nezakhi ezifana neketanga ezibonwa kuma-polymer.
Ukusebenzisana kwe-Intermolecular: Ama-molecule e-cellulose abonisa ukuhlangana kwe-hydrogen phakathi kwamaketanga aseduze, okwenza kube lula ukwakheka kwama-microfibrils kanye nezakhiwo ezinkulu, njengemicu ye-cellulose.
Izakhiwo Zemishini: Amandla emishini kanye nokuqina kwe-cellulose, okubalulekile ekwakhekeni kobuqotho bezindonga zamangqamuzana esitshalo, kubangelwa ubunjalo bayo be-polymer. Lezi zakhiwo zisikhumbuza ezinye izinto ze-polymer.
I-Biodegradability: Naphezu kokuqina kwayo, i-cellulose iyakwazi ukubola, ithola ukucekelwa phansi kwe-enzymatic ngama-cellulase, enza i-hydrolyze ukuxhumana kwe-glycosidic phakathi kwamayunithi e-glucose, agcine ephule i-polymer ibe ama-monomers awo ayingxenye.

Izicelo Nokubaluleka:
Imvelo ye-polymer yei-celluloseisekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlukahlukene kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa iphepha ne-pulp, izindwangu, imithi, namandla avuselelekayo. Izinto ezisekelwe ku-cellulose zibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yobuningi bazo, ukubola kwe-biodegradability, ukuvuselelwa, kanye nokuguquguquka, okuzenza zibaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wanamuhla.

i-cellulose ifaneleka njenge-polymer ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana, ahlanganisa amayunithi eglucose aphindaphindayo axhunywe ngamabhondi e-β(1→4) e-glycosidic, okuholela emaketangeni amade anesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu. Imvelo yayo ye-polymer ibonakala ezicini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwamaketanga amangqamuzana anwetshiwe, ukusebenzisana kwama-intermolecular, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nokubola kwe-biodegradability. Ukuqonda i-cellulose njenge-polymer kubalulekile ekusebenziseni kwayo inqwaba yezicelo nokusebenzisa amandla ayo kubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo nezinto zokwakha.