Why is hypromellose used in capsules?

Hypromellose, also known as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), is commonly used in capsules for several reasons:

1. Vegetarian/Vegan-Friendly: Hypromellose capsules provide an alternative to traditional gelatin capsules, which are derived from animal sources. Hypromellose capsules are suitable for individuals who follow vegetarian or vegan diets, as they are made from plant-based materials.
2. Biocompatibility: Hypromellose is derived from cellulose, a naturally occurring polymer found in plant cell walls. As such, it is biocompatible and generally well-tolerated by the human body. It is non-toxic and does not cause harm when ingested.
3. Water Solubility: Hypromellose capsules dissolve rapidly in the gastrointestinal tract, releasing the encapsulated contents for absorption. This property allows for efficient delivery of the active ingredients and ensures uniform dissolution of the capsule shell.
4. Moisture Protection: While hypromellose capsules are water-soluble, they provide some protection against moisture ingress, helping to preserve the stability and integrity of the encapsulated contents. This is particularly important for hygroscopic or moisture-sensitive substances.
5. Customization: Hypromellose capsules are available in various sizes and colors to accommodate different dosages and branding preferences. They can be customized to meet the specific requirements of the product and the manufacturer’s branding needs.
6. Compatibility: Hypromellose capsules are compatible with a wide range of pharmaceutical ingredients, including powders, granules, pellets, and liquids. They are suitable for encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, providing versatility in formulation.
7. Regulatory Approval: Hypromellose capsules have been approved for use in pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and other regulatory bodies worldwide. They meet established quality standards for safety, performance, and manufacturing practices.

Overall, hypromellose capsules offer several advantages, including vegetarian/vegan-friendly composition, biocompatibility, water solubility, moisture protection, customization options, compatibility with various formulations, and regulatory compliance. These properties make them a popular choice for encapsulating pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and other substances.